User interface for multi-user communication session

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure generally relates to user interfaces for multi-user communication sessions. In some examples, a device initiates a live stream in a communication session. In some examples, a device transitions between streaming live audio and live video. In some examples, a device enables synchronizing media playback during a live stream. In some examples, a device displays synchronized media playback and plays a reaction from a first participant of the communication session.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/790,619, entitled “USER INTERFACE FOR MULTI-USER COMMUNICATIONSESSION”, filed on Feb. 13, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/511,578, entitled “USER INTERFACE FOR MULTI-USERCOMMUNICATION SESSION”, filed on Jul. 15, 2019, which is a continuationof U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/035,422, entitled “USER INTERFACEFOR MULTI-USER COMMUNICATION SESSION”, filed on Jul. 13, 2018, whichclaims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/566,181,entitled “USER INTERFACE FOR MULTI-USER COMMUNICATION SESSION,” filed onSep. 29, 2017, the contents of which are hereby incorporated byreference in their entireties.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to computer user interfaces,and more specifically to techniques for managing a communicationsession.

BACKGROUND

Electronic devices enabled remote users to communicate, such as throughinstant messages and phone calls. While such exemplary conventionaltechniques enable communication, the techniques provide users with onlylimited ability to fully engage in conversations, particularly when theconversation includes groups of users.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Some techniques for managing a communication session using electronicdevices are generally cumbersome and inefficient. For example, someexisting techniques use a complex and time-consuming user interface,which may include multiple key presses or keystrokes. Existingtechniques require more time than necessary, wasting user time anddevice energy. This latter consideration is particularly important inbattery-operated devices, such as mobile phones.

Accordingly, the present techniques provide electronic devices withfaster, more efficient methods and interfaces for managing acommunication session. Such methods and interfaces optionally complementor replace other methods for managing communication sessions. Suchmethods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and producea more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computingdevices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase thetime between battery charges. In addition, such techniques enable usersto more fully simultaneously engage with multiple participants inconversations. Further, such techniques enable remote users toconcurrently experience media while communicating.

In accordance some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronicdevice with a display, one or more camera sensors, and one or moremicrophones. The method comprises: receiving user input identifying oneor more contacts to include as one or more participants in acommunication session; while in the communication session, concurrentlydisplaying, on the display: a first affordance for transmitting a livemedia stream that includes live audio and does not include live video,and a second affordance for transmitting a live media stream thatincludes live audio and live video; receiving user input activating oneof the first affordance and the second affordance; in accordance withreceiving user input activating the first affordance, concurrently:detecting, using the one or more microphones, audio; and transmittinglive audio in a live media stream to the one or more participants of thecommunication session, wherein transmitting the live audio occurswithout transmission of live video; and in accordance with receivinguser input activating the second affordance, concurrently: detecting,using the one or more microphones, audio; detecting, using the one ormore camera sensors, a plurality of images for a video; and transmittingthe live audio and the live video in a live media stream to the one ormore participants of the communication session.

In accordance some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium is described. The non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed byone or more processors of an electronic device with a display, one ormore camera sensors, and one or more microphones, the one or moreprograms including instructions for: receiving user input identifyingone or more contacts to include as one or more participants in acommunication session; while in the communication session, concurrentlydisplaying, on the display: a first affordance for transmitting a livemedia stream that includes live audio and does not include live video,and a second affordance for transmitting a live media stream thatincludes live audio and live video; receiving user input activating oneof the first affordance and the second affordance; in accordance withreceiving user input activating the first affordance, concurrently:detecting, using the one or more microphones, audio; and transmittinglive audio in a live media stream to the one or more participants of thecommunication session, wherein transmitting the live audio occurswithout transmission of live video; and in accordance with receivinguser input activating the second affordance, concurrently: detecting,using the one or more microphones, audio; detecting, using the one ormore camera sensors, a plurality of images for a video; and transmittingthe live audio and the live video in a live media stream to the one ormore participants of the communication session.

In accordance some embodiments, a transitory computer-readable storagemedium is described. The transitory computer-readable storage mediumstores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or moreprocessors of an electronic device with a display, one or more camerasensors, and one or more microphones, the one or more programs includinginstructions for: receiving user input identifying one or more contactsto include as one or more participants in a communication session; whilein the communication session, concurrently displaying, on the display: afirst affordance for transmitting a live media stream that includes liveaudio and does not include live video, and a second affordance fortransmitting a live media stream that includes live audio and livevideo; receiving user input activating one of the first affordance andthe second affordance; in accordance with receiving user inputactivating the first affordance, concurrently: detecting, using the oneor more microphones, audio; and transmitting live audio in a live mediastream to the one or more participants of the communication session,wherein transmitting the live audio occurs without transmission of livevideo; and in accordance with receiving user input activating the secondaffordance, concurrently: detecting, using the one or more microphones,audio; detecting, using the one or more camera sensors, a plurality ofimages for a video; and transmitting the live audio and the live videoin a live media stream to the one or more participants of thecommunication session.

In accordance some embodiments, an electronic device is described. Theelectronic device comprises: a display; one or more camera sensors; oneor more microphones; one or more processors; and memory storing one ormore programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors,the one or more programs including instructions for: receiving userinput identifying one or more contacts to include as one or moreparticipants in a communication session; while in the communicationsession, concurrently displaying, on the display: a first affordance fortransmitting a live media stream that includes live audio and does notinclude live video, and a second affordance for transmitting a livemedia stream that includes live audio and live video; receiving userinput activating one of the first affordance and the second affordance;in accordance with receiving user input activating the first affordance,concurrently: detecting, using the one or more microphones, audio; andtransmitting live audio in a live media stream to the one or moreparticipants of the communication session, wherein transmitting the liveaudio occurs without transmission of live video; and in accordance withreceiving user input activating the second affordance, concurrently:detecting, using the one or more microphones, audio; detecting, usingthe one or more camera sensors, a plurality of images for a video; andtransmitting the live audio and the live video in a live media stream tothe one or more participants of the communication session.

In accordance some embodiments, an electronic device is described. Theelectronic device comprises: a display; one or more camera sensors; oneor more microphones; means for receiving user input identifying one ormore contacts to include as one or more participants in a communicationsession; means, while in the communication session, for concurrentlydisplaying, on the display: a first affordance for transmitting a livemedia stream that includes live audio and does not include live video,and a second affordance for transmitting a live media stream thatincludes live audio and live video; means for receiving user inputactivating one of the first affordance and the second affordance; means,in accordance with receiving user input activating the first affordance,for concurrently: detecting, using the one or more microphones, audio;and transmitting live audio in a live media stream to the one or moreparticipants of the communication session, wherein transmitting the liveaudio occurs without transmission of live video; and means, inaccordance with receiving user input activating the second affordance,for concurrently: detecting, using the one or more microphones, audio;detecting, using the one or more camera sensors, a plurality of imagesfor a video; and transmitting the live audio and the live video in alive media stream to the one or more participants of the communicationsession.

In accordance some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronicdevice with a display. The method comprises: while transmitting anoutgoing live media stream of a first type to one or more participantsof a communication session: outputting, at the electronic device, atleast one or more incoming live media streams; receiving user input totransition from transmitting the outgoing live media stream of the firsttype to transmitting an outgoing live media stream of a second type,wherein the first type is different from the second type; and inresponse to receiving the user input to transition, transitioning fromtransmitting the outgoing live media stream of the first type totransmitting an outgoing live media stream of a second type, including:in accordance with the first type of live media stream including liveaudio and not including live video, transmitting live video; and inaccordance with the first type of live media stream including live audioand live video, ceasing to transmit the live video.

In accordance some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium is described. The non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed byone or more processors of an electronic device with a display, the oneor more programs including instructions for: while transmitting anoutgoing live media stream of a first type to one or more participantsof a communication session: outputting, at the electronic device, atleast one or more incoming live media streams; receiving user input totransition from transmitting the outgoing live media stream of the firsttype to transmitting an outgoing live media stream of a second type,wherein the first type is different from the second type; and inresponse to receiving the user input to transition, transitioning fromtransmitting the outgoing live media stream of the first type totransmitting an outgoing live media stream of a second type, including:in accordance with the first type of live media stream including liveaudio and not including live video, transmitting live video; and inaccordance with the first type of live media stream including live audioand live video, ceasing to transmit the live video.

In accordance some embodiments, a transitory computer-readable storagemedium is described. The transitory computer-readable storage mediumstores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or moreprocessors of an electronic device with a display, the one or moreprograms including instructions for: while transmitting an outgoing livemedia stream of a first type to one or more participants of acommunication session: outputting, at the electronic device, at leastone or more incoming live media streams; receiving user input totransition from transmitting the outgoing live media stream of the firsttype to transmitting an outgoing live media stream of a second type,wherein the first type is different from the second type; and inresponse to receiving the user input to transition, transitioning fromtransmitting the outgoing live media stream of the first type totransmitting an outgoing live media stream of a second type, including:in accordance with the first type of live media stream including liveaudio and not including live video, transmitting live video; and inaccordance with the first type of live media stream including live audioand live video, ceasing to transmit the live video.

In accordance some embodiments, an electronic device is described. Theelectronic device comprises: a display; one or more processors; andmemory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the oneor more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:while transmitting an outgoing live media stream of a first type to oneor more participants of a communication session: outputting, at theelectronic device, at least one or more incoming live media streams;receiving user input to transition from transmitting the outgoing livemedia stream of the first type to transmitting an outgoing live mediastream of a second type, wherein the first type is different from thesecond type; and in response to receiving the user input to transition,transitioning from transmitting the outgoing live media stream of thefirst type to transmitting an outgoing live media stream of a secondtype, including: in accordance with the first type of live media streamincluding live audio and not including live video, transmitting livevideo; and in accordance with the first type of live media streamincluding live audio and live video, ceasing to transmit the live video.

In accordance some embodiments, an electronic device is described. Theelectronic device comprises: a display; means, while transmitting anoutgoing live media stream of a first type to one or more participantsof a communication session, for: outputting, at the electronic device,at least one or more incoming live media streams; receiving user inputto transition from transmitting the outgoing live media stream of thefirst type to transmitting an outgoing live media stream of a secondtype, wherein the first type is different from the second type; andmeans, responsive to receiving the user input to transition, fortransitioning from transmitting the outgoing live media stream of thefirst type to transmitting an outgoing live media stream of a secondtype, including: in accordance with the first type of live media streamincluding live audio and not including live video, transmitting livevideo; and in accordance with the first type of live media streamincluding live audio and live video, ceasing to transmit the live video.

In accordance some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronicdevice with a display. The method comprises: while participating in acommunication session with one or more participants: transmitting, toone or more participants of the communication session, a link to media;displaying, on the display, a representation of the media, including anaffordance; detecting a user input; in response to detecting the userinput: displaying a media playback user interface corresponding to themedia; while displaying the media playback user interface, detecting amedia playback control user input; in response to receiving the mediaplayback control user input: controlling playback of the media in themedia playback user interface at the electronic device in accordancewith the received media playback control user input; and in accordancewith the user input being an activation of the affordance: transmittinginstructions to control playback of the media at devices of the one ormore participants in accordance with the received media playback controluser input, such that playback of the media at devices of the one ormore participants of the communication session remains substantiallysynchronized.

In accordance some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium is described. The non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed byone or more processors of an electronic device with a display, the oneor more programs including instructions for: while participating in acommunication session with one or more participants: transmitting, toone or more participants of the communication session, a link to media;displaying, on the display, a representation of the media, including anaffordance; detecting a user input; in response to detecting the userinput: displaying a media playback user interface corresponding to themedia; while displaying the media playback user interface, detecting amedia playback control user input; in response to receiving the mediaplayback control user input: controlling playback of the media in themedia playback user interface at the electronic device in accordancewith the received media playback control user input; and in accordancewith the user input being an activation of the affordance: transmittinginstructions to control playback of the media at devices of the one ormore participants in accordance with the received media playback controluser input, such that playback of the media at devices of the one ormore participants of the communication session remains substantiallysynchronized.

In accordance some embodiments, a transitory computer-readable storagemedium is described. The transitory computer-readable storage mediumstores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or moreprocessors of an electronic device with a display, the one or moreprograms including instructions for: while participating in acommunication session with one or more participants: transmitting, toone or more participants of the communication session, a link to media;displaying, on the display, a representation of the media, including anaffordance; detecting a user input; in response to detecting the userinput: displaying a media playback user interface corresponding to themedia; while displaying the media playback user interface, detecting amedia playback control user input; in response to receiving the mediaplayback control user input: controlling playback of the media in themedia playback user interface at the electronic device in accordancewith the received media playback control user input; and in accordancewith the user input being an activation of the affordance: transmittinginstructions to control playback of the media at devices of the one ormore participants in accordance with the received media playback controluser input, such that playback of the media at devices of the one ormore participants of the communication session remains substantiallysynchronized.

In accordance some embodiments, an electronic device is described. Theelectronic device comprises: a display; one or more processors; andmemory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the oneor more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:while participating in a communication session with one or moreparticipants: transmitting, to one or more participants of thecommunication session, a link to media; displaying, on the display, arepresentation of the media, including an affordance; detecting a userinput; in response to detecting the user input: displaying a mediaplayback user interface corresponding to the media; while displaying themedia playback user interface, detecting a media playback control userinput; in response to receiving the media playback control user input:controlling playback of the media in the media playback user interfaceat the electronic device in accordance with the received media playbackcontrol user input; and in accordance with the user input being anactivation of the affordance: transmitting instructions to controlplayback of the media at devices of the one or more participants inaccordance with the received media playback control user input, suchthat playback of the media at devices of the one or more participants ofthe communication session remains substantially synchronized.

In accordance some embodiments, an electronic device is described. Theelectronic device comprises: a display: means, while participating in acommunication session with one or more participants, for: transmitting,to one or more participants of the communication session, a link tomedia; displaying, on the display, a representation of the media,including an affordance; detecting a user input; in response todetecting the user input: displaying a media playback user interfacecorresponding to the media; while displaying the media playback userinterface, detecting a media playback control user input; in response toreceiving the media playback control user input: controlling playback ofthe media in the media playback user interface at the electronic devicein accordance with the received media playback control user input; andin accordance with the user input being an activation of the affordance:transmitting instructions to control playback of the media at devices ofthe one or more participants in accordance with the received mediaplayback control user input, such that playback of the media at devicesof the one or more participants of the communication session remainssubstantially synchronized.

Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally,included in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or othercomputer program product configured for execution by one or moreprocessors. Executable instructions for performing these functions are,optionally, included in a transitory computer-readable storage medium orother computer program product configured for execution by one or moreprocessors.

Thus, devices are provided with faster, more efficient methods andinterfaces for managing a communication session, thereby increasing theeffectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Suchmethods and interfaces may complement or replace other methods formanaging communication sessions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

For a better understanding of the various described embodiments,reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, inconjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numeralsrefer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction devicewith a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screenin accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu ofapplications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunctiondevice with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the displayin accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5A illustrates a personal electronic device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 5B is a block diagram illustrating a personal electronic device inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 5C-5D illustrate exemplary components of a personal electronicdevice having a touch-sensitive display and intensity sensors inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 5E-5H illustrate exemplary components and user interfaces of apersonal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 6A-6AF illustrate exemplary devices and user interfaces formanaging a communication session.

FIGS. 7A-7B are a flow diagram illustrating methods for initiating alive stream.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating methods for transitioning betweenstreaming live audio and live video.

FIG. 9A-9B are a flow diagram illustrating methods for synchronizingmedia playback during a live stream.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The following description sets forth exemplary methods, parameters, andthe like. It should be recognized, however, that such description is notintended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but isinstead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments.

There is a need for electronic devices that provide efficient methodsand interfaces for managing a communication session. For example, thereis a need for efficient methods and interfaces for initiating livestreams. For another example, there is a need for efficient methods andinterfaces for transitioning between streaming live audio and livevideo. For another example, there is a need for efficient methods andinterfaces for synchronizing media playback during a live stream. Suchtechniques can reduce the cognitive burden on a user who manages acommunication session, thereby enhancing productivity. Further, suchtechniques can reduce processor and battery power otherwise wasted onredundant user inputs.

Below, FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, 3, 4A-4B, and 5A-5H provide a description ofexemplary devices for performing the techniques for managing eventnotifications. FIGS. 6A-6AF illustrate exemplary devices and userinterfaces for managing a communication session. FIGS. 7A-7B are a flowdiagram illustrating methods of initiating a live stream in accordancewith some embodiments. FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating methods oftransitioning between streaming live audio and live video in accordancewith some embodiments. FIGS. 9A-9B is a flow diagram illustratingmethods of synchronizing media playback during a live stream inaccordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in FIGS. 6A-6AFare used to illustrate the processes described below, including theprocesses in FIGS. 7A-7B, 8, and 9A-9B.

Although the following description uses terms “first,” “second,” etc. todescribe various elements, these elements should not be limited by theterms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element fromanother. For example, a first touch could be termed a second touch, and,similarly, a second touch could be termed a first touch, withoutdeparting from the scope of the various described embodiments. The firsttouch and the second touch are both touches, but they are not the sametouch.

The terminology used in the description of the various describedembodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in thedescription of the various described embodiments and the appendedclaims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to includethe plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as usedherein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items. It will be furtherunderstood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or“comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence ofstated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/orcomponents, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components,and/or groups thereof.

The term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “inresponse to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on thecontext. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a statedcondition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upondetermining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [thestated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the statedcondition or event],” depending on the context.

Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, andassociated processes for using such devices are described. In someembodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as amobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/ormusic player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunctiondevices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad®devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronicdevices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitivesurfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touchpads), are,optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in someembodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but isa desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screendisplay and/or a touchpad).

In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should beunderstood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes oneor more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physicalkeyboard, a mouse, and/or a joystick.

The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one ormore of the following: a drawing application, a presentationapplication, a word processing application, a website creationapplication, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, agaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencingapplication, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, aworkout support application, a photo management application, a digitalcamera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsingapplication, a digital music player application, and/or a digital videoplayer application.

The various applications that are executed on the device optionally useat least one common physical user-interface device, such as thetouch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitivesurface as well as corresponding information displayed on the deviceare, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the nextand/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physicalarchitecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the deviceoptionally supports the variety of applications with user interfacesthat are intuitive and transparent to the user.

Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices withtouch-sensitive displays. FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustratingportable multifunction device 100 with touch-sensitive display system112 in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display 112 issometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience and is sometimes knownas or called a “touch-sensitive display system.” Device 100 includesmemory 102 (which optionally includes one or more computer-readablestorage mediums), memory controller 122, one or more processing units(CPUs) 120, peripherals interface 118, RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry110, speaker 111, microphone 113, input/output (I/O) subsystem 106,other input control devices 116, and external port 124. Device 100optionally includes one or more optical sensors 164. Device 100optionally includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165 fordetecting intensity of contacts on device 100 (e.g., a touch-sensitivesurface such as touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100).Device 100 optionally includes one or more tactile output generators 167for generating tactile outputs on device 100 (e.g., generating tactileoutputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive displaysystem 112 of device 100 or touchpad 355 of device 300). Thesecomponents optionally communicate over one or more communication busesor signal lines 103.

As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of acontact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure(force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on thetouch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force orpressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of acontact has a range of values that includes at least four distinctvalues and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., atleast 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (ormeasured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinationsof sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath oradjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measureforce at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In someimplementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors arecombined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of acontact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally,used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitivesurface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on thetouch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of thetouch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto,and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to thecontact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute forthe force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Insome implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force orpressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity thresholdhas been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in unitscorresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations,the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are convertedto an estimated force or pressure, and the estimated force or pressureis used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded(e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in unitsof pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a userinput allows for user access to additional device functionality that is,in some circumstances, otherwise not be accessible by the user on areduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances(e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g.,via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or aphysical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button).

As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output”refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previousposition of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., atouch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component(e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relativeto a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user withthe user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the deviceor the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a userthat is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of auser's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacementwill be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding toa perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or thecomponent of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitivesurface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally,interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physicalactuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensationsuch as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement ofa physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surfacethat is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. Asanother example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally,interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitivesurface, even when there is no change in smoothness of thetouch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a userwill be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user,there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a largemajority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described ascorresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “upclick,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, thegenerated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of thedevice or a component thereof that will generate the described sensoryperception for a typical (or average) user.

It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of aportable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has moreor fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or morecomponents, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangementof the components. The various components shown in FIG. 1A areimplemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware andsoftware, including one or more signal processing and/orapplication-specific integrated circuits.

Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory andoptionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or moremagnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or othernon-volatile solid-state memory devices. Memory controller 122optionally controls access to memory 102 by other components of device100.

Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and outputperipherals of the device to CPU 120 and memory 102. The one or moreprocessors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets ofinstructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions fordevice 100 and to process data. In some embodiments, peripheralsinterface 118, CPU 120, and memory controller 122 are, optionally,implemented on a single chip, such as chip 104. In some otherembodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips.

RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, alsocalled electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electricalsignals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates withcommunications networks and other communications devices via theelectromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-knowncircuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited toan antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner,one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, asubscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RFcircuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as theInternet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranetand/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, awireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network(MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The RF circuitry 108optionally includes well-known circuitry for detecting near fieldcommunication (NFC) fields, such as by a short-range communicationradio. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality ofcommunications standards, protocols, and technologies, including but notlimited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced DataGSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA),high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO),HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), nearfield communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access(W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multipleaccess (TDMA), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE), Wireless Fidelity(Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n,and/or IEEE 802.11ac), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, aprotocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP)and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensiblemessaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol forInstant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), InstantMessaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service(SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, includingcommunication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of thisdocument.

Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audiointerface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receivesaudio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to anelectrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111.Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves.Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted bymicrophone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts theelectrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data toperipherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally,retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108by peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212, FIG. 2). The headset jackprovides an interface between audio circuitry 110 and removable audioinput/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headsetwith both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input(e.g., a microphone).

I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, suchas touch screen 112 and other input control devices 116, to peripheralsinterface 118. I/O subsystem 106 optionally includes display controller156, optical sensor controller 158, intensity sensor controller 159,haptic feedback controller 161, and one or more input controllers 160for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers160 receive/send electrical signals from/to other input control devices116. The other input control devices 116 optionally include physicalbuttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, sliderswitches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternateembodiments, input controller(s) 160 are, optionally, coupled to any (ornone) of the following: a keyboard, an infrared port, a USB port, and apointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208, FIG.2) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker111 and/or microphone 113. The one or more buttons optionally include apush button (e.g., 206, FIG. 2).

A quick press of the push button optionally disengages a lock of touchscreen 112 or optionally begins a process that uses gestures on thetouch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by PerformingGestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, U.S. Pat. No.7,657,849, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Alonger press of the push button (e.g., 206) optionally turns power todevice 100 on or off. The functionality of one or more of the buttonsare, optionally, user-customizable. Touch screen 112 is used toimplement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards.

Touch-sensitive display 112 provides an input interface and an outputinterface between the device and a user. Display controller 156 receivesand/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen 112. Touch screen112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionallyincludes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof(collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all ofthe visual output optionally corresponds to user-interface objects.

Touch screen 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor, or set ofsensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactilecontact. Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 (along with anyassociated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detectcontact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen112 and convert the detected contact into interaction withuser-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages,or images) that are displayed on touch screen 112. In an exemplaryembodiment, a point of contact between touch screen 112 and the usercorresponds to a finger of the user.

Touch screen 112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display)technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED(light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologiesare used in other embodiments. Touch screen 112 and display controller156 optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof usingany of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or laterdeveloped, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared,and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximitysensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points ofcontact with touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, projectedmutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in theiPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.

A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen 112 is,optionally, analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads describedin the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat.No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932(Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However,touch screen 112 displays visual output from device 100, whereastouch-sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output.

A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen 112 isdescribed in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2,2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “MultipointTouchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30,2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures ForTouch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User InterfacesFor Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On ATouch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A TouchScreen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser.No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen VirtualKeyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. Allof these applications are incorporated by reference herein in theirentirety.

Touch screen 112 optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi.In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution ofapproximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact with touchscreen 112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, afinger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface isdesigned to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures,which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger areaof contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, thedevice translates the rough finger-based input into a precisepointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired bythe user.

In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating ordeactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad isa touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, doesnot display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, atouch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen 112 or anextension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.

Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the variouscomponents. Power system 162 optionally includes a power managementsystem, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current(AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a powerconverter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emittingdiode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation,management and distribution of power in portable devices.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 164.FIG. 1A shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller 158in I/O subsystem 106. Optical sensor 164 optionally includescharge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor 164 receives light from theenvironment, projected through one or more lenses, and converts thelight to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module143 (also called a camera module), optical sensor 164 optionallycaptures still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensoris located on the back of device 100, opposite touch screen display 112on the front of the device so that the touch screen display is enabledfor use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. Insome embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of thedevice so that the user's image is, optionally, obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conferenceparticipants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, theposition of optical sensor 164 can be changed by the user (e.g., byrotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a singleoptical sensor 164 is used along with the touch screen display for bothvideo conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensitysensors 165. FIG. 1A shows a contact intensity sensor coupled tointensity sensor controller 159 in I/O subsystem 106. Contact intensitysensor 165 optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges,capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric forcesensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, orother intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (orpressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensitysensor 165 receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressureinformation or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment.In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocatedwith, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitivedisplay system 112). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensitysensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite touch screendisplay 112, which is located on the front of device 100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 166.FIG. 1A shows proximity sensor 166 coupled to peripherals interface 118.Alternately, proximity sensor 166 is, optionally, coupled to inputcontroller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. Proximity sensor 166 optionallyperforms as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839,“Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “ProximityDetector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient LightSensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862,“Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In PortableDevices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For AutomaticConfiguration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated byreference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensorturns off and disables touch screen 112 when the multifunction device isplaced near the user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call).

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile outputgenerators 167. FIG. 1A shows a tactile output generator coupled tohaptic feedback controller 161 in I/O subsystem 106. Tactile outputgenerator 167 optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devicessuch as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanicaldevices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor,solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostaticactuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., acomponent that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on thedevice). Contact intensity sensor 165 receives tactile feedbackgeneration instructions from haptic feedback module 133 and generatestactile outputs on device 100 that are capable of being sensed by a userof device 100. In some embodiments, at least one tactile outputgenerator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112) and, optionally, generates atactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g.,in/out of a surface of device 100) or laterally (e.g., back and forth inthe same plane as a surface of device 100). In some embodiments, atleast one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back ofdevice 100, opposite touch screen display 112, which is located on thefront of device 100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 168. FIG.1A shows accelerometer 168 coupled to peripherals interface 118.Alternately, accelerometer 168 is, optionally, coupled to an inputcontroller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. Accelerometer 168 optionallyperforms as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059,“Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable ElectronicDevices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods AndApparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,”both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Insome embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen displayin a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of datareceived from the one or more accelerometers. Device 100 optionallyincludes, in addition to accelerometer(s) 168, a magnetometer (notshown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver(not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location andorientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device 100.

In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102include operating system 126, communication module (or set ofinstructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130,graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, text input module (or setof instructions) 134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set ofinstructions) 135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136.Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory 102 (FIG. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3)stores device/global internal state 157, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 3.Device/global internal state 157 includes one or more of: activeapplication state, indicating which applications, if any, are currentlyactive; display state, indicating what applications, views or otherinformation occupy various regions of touch screen display 112; sensorstate, including information obtained from the device's various sensorsand input control devices 116; and location information concerning thedevice's location and/or attitude.

Operating system 126 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, iOS,WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includesvarious software components and/or drivers for controlling and managinggeneral system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control,power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between varioushardware and software components.

Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devicesover one or more external ports 124 and also includes various softwarecomponents for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/orexternal port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB),FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices orindirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). Insome embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin)connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with, the30-pin connector used on iPod® (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices.

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with touch screen112 (in conjunction with display controller 156) and othertouch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel).Contact/motion module 130 includes various software components forperforming various operations related to detection of contact, such asdetermining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-downevent), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force orpressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of thecontact), determining if there is movement of the contact and trackingthe movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one ormore finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased(e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact).Contact/motion module 130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitivesurface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which isrepresented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determiningspeed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or anacceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point ofcontact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts(e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g.,“multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments,contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156 detect contact on atouchpad.

In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 uses a set of one or moreintensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has beenperformed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” onan icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensitythresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g.,the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholdsof particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changingthe physical hardware of device 100). For example, a mouse “click”threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of alarge range of predefined threshold values without changing the trackpador touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations,a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjustingone or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjustingindividual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality ofintensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity”parameter).

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user.Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contactpatterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities ofdetected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected bydetecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a fingertap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detectinga finger-up (liftoff) event at the same position (or substantially thesame position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of anicon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on thetouch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followedby detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequentlyfollowed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event.

Graphics module 132 includes various known software components forrendering and displaying graphics on touch screen 112 or other display,including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness,transparency, saturation, contrast, or other visual property) ofgraphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics”includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including, withoutlimitation, text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objectsincluding soft keys), digital images, videos, animations, and the like.

In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representinggraphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned acorresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applicationsetc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with,if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and thengenerates screen image data to output to display controller 156.

Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components forgenerating instructions used by tactile output generator(s) 167 toproduce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device 100 inresponse to user interactions with device 100.

Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of graphicsmodule 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in variousapplications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, andany other application that needs text input).

GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides thisinformation for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 foruse in location-based dialing; to camera 143 as picture/video metadata;and to applications that provide location-based services such as weatherwidgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).

Applications 136 optionally include the following modules (or sets ofinstructions), or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book or contact        list);    -   Telephone module 138;    -   Video conference module 139;    -   E-mail client module 140;    -   Instant messaging (IM) module 141;    -   Workout support module 142;    -   Camera module 143 for still and/or video images;    -   Image management module 144;    -   Video player module;    -   Music player module;    -   Browser module 147;    -   Calendar module 148;    -   Widget modules 149, which optionally include one or more of:        weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget        149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, dictionary widget 149-5, and        other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created        widgets 149-6;    -   Widget creator module 150 for making user-created widgets 149-6;    -   Search module 151;    -   Video and music player module 152, which merges video player        module and music player module;    -   Notes module 153;    -   Map module 154; and/or    -   Online video module 155.

Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally, stored inmemory 102 include other word processing applications, other imageediting applications, drawing applications, presentation applications,JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voicerecognition, and voice replication.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module134, contacts module 137 are, optionally, used to manage an address bookor contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state 192 ofcontacts module 137 in memory 102 or memory 370), including: addingname(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book;associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physicaladdress(es) or other information with a name; associating an image witha name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers ore-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications bytelephone 138, video conference module 139, e-mail 140, or IM 141; andso forth.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motionmodule 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, telephonemodule 138 are optionally, used to enter a sequence of characterscorresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephonenumbers in contacts module 137, modify a telephone number that has beenentered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation, anddisconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As notedabove, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality ofcommunications standards, protocols, and technologies.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, optical sensor164, optical sensor controller 158, contact/motion module 130, graphicsmodule 132, text input module 134, contacts module 137, and telephonemodule 138, video conference module 139 includes executable instructionsto initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a userand one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and textinput module 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executableinstructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response touser instructions. In conjunction with image management module 144,e-mail client module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mailswith still or video images taken with camera module 143.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and textinput module 134, the instant messaging module 141 includes executableinstructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to aninstant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit arespective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service(SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-basedinstant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-basedinstant messages), to receive instant messages, and to view receivedinstant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or receivedinstant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, videofiles and/or other attachments as are supported in an MMS and/or anEnhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging”refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMSor MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP,SIMPLE, or IMPS).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and music playermodule, workout support module 142 includes executable instructions tocreate workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burninggoals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receiveworkout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; selectand play music for a workout; and display, store, and transmit workoutdata.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, opticalsensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact/motion module 130,graphics module 132, and image management module 144, camera module 143includes executable instructions to capture still images or video(including a video stream) and store them into memory 102, modifycharacteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image orvideo from memory 102.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134,and camera module 143, image management module 144 includes executableinstructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate,label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), andstore still and/or video images.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and textinput module 134, browser module 147 includes executable instructions tobrowse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, includingsearching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portionsthereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147,calendar module 148 includes executable instructions to create, display,modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g.,calendar entries, to-do lists, etc.) in accordance with userinstructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, and browser module 147, widget modules 149 aremini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user(e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or createdby the user (e.g., user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, awidget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS(Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In someembodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) fileand a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, and browser module 147, the widget creator module 150are, optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning auser-specified portion of a web page into a widget).

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module134, search module 151 includes executable instructions to search fortext, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102 thatmatch one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specifiedsearch terms) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110,speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, video and musicplayer module 152 includes executable instructions that allow the userto download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored inone or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executableinstructions to display, present, or otherwise play back videos (e.g.,on touch screen 112 or on an external, connected display via externalport 124). In some embodiments, device 100 optionally includes thefunctionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of AppleInc.).

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module134, notes module 153 includes executable instructions to create andmanage notes, to-do lists, and the like in accordance with userinstructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, map module 154are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps anddata associated with maps (e.g., driving directions, data on stores andother points of interest at or near a particular location, and otherlocation-based data) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110,speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail clientmodule 140, and browser module 147, online video module 155 includesinstructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., bystreaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or onan external, connected display via external port 124), send an e-mailwith a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage onlinevideos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments,instant messaging module 141, rather than e-mail client module 140, isused to send a link to a particular online video. Additional descriptionof the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20,2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “PortableMultifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for PlayingOnline Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the contents of which are herebyincorporated by reference in their entirety.

Each of the above-identified modules and applications corresponds to aset of executable instructions for performing one or more functionsdescribed above and the methods described in this application (e.g., thecomputer-implemented methods and other information processing methodsdescribed herein). These modules (e.g., sets of instructions) need notbe implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules,and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined orotherwise rearranged in various embodiments. For example, video playermodule is, optionally, combined with music player module into a singlemodule (e.g., video and music player module 152, FIG. 1A). In someembodiments, memory 102 optionally stores a subset of the modules anddata structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 102 optionallystores additional modules and data structures not described above.

In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of apredefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusivelythrough a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/ora touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons,dials, and the like) on device 100 is, optionally, reduced.

The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through atouch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation betweenuser interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by theuser, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any userinterface that is displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, a “menubutton” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, themenu button is a physical push button or other physical input controldevice instead of a touchpad.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments,memory 102 (FIG. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3) includes event sorter 170 (e.g., inoperating system 126) and a respective application 136-1 (e.g., any ofthe aforementioned applications 137-151, 155, 380-390).

Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines theapplication 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to whichto deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes eventmonitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments,application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, whichindicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitivedisplay 112 when the application is active or executing. In someembodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, andapplication internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determineapplication views 191 to which to deliver event information.

In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additionalinformation, such as one or more of: resume information to be used whenapplication 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state informationthat indicates information being displayed or that is ready for displayby application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back toa prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue ofprevious actions taken by the user.

Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., auser touch on touch-sensitive display 112, as part of a multi-touchgesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information it receivesfrom I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166,accelerometer(s) 168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry110). Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/Osubsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display 112 or atouch-sensitive surface.

In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripheralsinterface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripheralsinterface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments,peripherals interface 118 transmits event information only when there isa significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predeterminednoise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).

In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit viewdetermination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determinationmodule 173.

Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures fordetermining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more viewswhen touch-sensitive display 112 displays more than one view. Views aremade up of controls and other elements that a user can see on thedisplay.

Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is aset of views, sometimes herein called application views or userinterface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-basedgestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) inwhich a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levelswithin a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example,the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally,called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as properinputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hitview of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.

Hit view determination module 172 receives information related tosub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multipleviews organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which shouldhandle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowestlevel view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (e.g., the firstsub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potentialevent). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determinationmodule 172, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related tothe same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hitview.

Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which viewor views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence ofsub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determinationmodule 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particularsequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizerdetermination module 173 determines that all views that include thephysical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, andtherefore determines that all actively involved views should receive aparticular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touchsub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with oneparticular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain asactively involved views.

Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an eventrecognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including activeevent recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined byactive event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments,event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the eventinformation, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver 182.

In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170.Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet otherembodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part ofanother module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.

In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of eventhandlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of whichincludes instructions for handling touch events that occur within arespective view of the application's user interface. Each applicationview 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a pluralityof event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of eventrecognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interfacekit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application 136-1inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respectiveevent handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, objectupdater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from eventsorter 170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater176, object updater 177, or GUI updater 178 to update the applicationinternal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views191 include one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in someembodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, andGUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.

A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g.,event data 179) from event sorter 170 and identifies an event from theevent information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 andevent comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 alsoincludes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event deliveryinstructions 188 (which optionally include sub-event deliveryinstructions).

Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. Theevent information includes information about a sub-event, for example, atouch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the eventinformation also includes additional information, such as location ofthe sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the eventinformation optionally also includes speed and direction of thesub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the devicefrom one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to alandscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event informationincludes corresponding information about the current orientation (alsocalled device attitude) of the device.

Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined eventor sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines anevent or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event orsub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes eventdefinitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events(e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1(187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events inan event (187) include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touchmovement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, thedefinition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object.The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) onthe displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first liftoff (touchend) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on thedisplayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second liftoff (touchend) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition forevent 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, forexample, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for apredetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitivedisplay 112, and liftoff of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments,the event also includes information for one or more associated eventhandlers 190.

In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of anevent for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, eventcomparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interfaceobject is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an applicationview in which three user-interface objects are displayed ontouch-sensitive display 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitivedisplay 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine whichof the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch(sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respectiveevent handler 190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit testto determine which event handler 190 should be activated. For example,event comparator 184 selects an event handler associated with thesub-event and the object triggering the hit test.

In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event (187) alsoincludes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event informationuntil after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-eventsdoes or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.

When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series ofsub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, therespective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, eventfailed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequentsub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other eventrecognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue totrack and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate howthe event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to activelyinvolved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includesconfigurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how eventrecognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. Insome embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags,and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varyinglevels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates eventhandler 190 associated with an event when one or more particularsub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respectiveevent recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with theevent to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinctfrom sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view.In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated withthe recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flagcatches the flag and performs a predefined process.

In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-eventdelivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-eventwithout activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event deliveryinstructions deliver event information to event handlers associated withthe series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlersassociated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved viewsreceive the event information and perform a predetermined process.

In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used inapplication 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephonenumber used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in videoplayer module. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates andupdates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of auser-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUIupdater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.

In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to dataupdater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In someembodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 orapplication view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two ormore software modules.

It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding eventhandling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies toother forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 withinput devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. Forexample, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinatedwith single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movementssuch as taps, drags, scrolls, etc. on touchpads; pen stylus inputs;movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements;biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilizedas inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to berecognized.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device 100 having a touchscreen 112 in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screenoptionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI) 200.In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabledto select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on thegraphics, for example, with one or more fingers 202 (not drawn to scalein the figure) or one or more styluses 203 (not drawn to scale in thefigure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurswhen the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In someembodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one ormore swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward),and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upwardand/or downward) that has made contact with device 100. In someimplementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphicdoes not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweepsover an application icon optionally does not select the correspondingapplication when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap.

Device 100 optionally also include one or more physical buttons, such as“home” or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204 is,optionally, used to navigate to any application 136 in a set ofapplications that are, optionally, executed on device 100.Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as asoft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen 112.

In some embodiments, device 100 includes touch screen 112, menu button204, push button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking thedevice, volume adjustment button(s) 208, subscriber identity module(SIM) card slot 210, headset jack 212, and docking/charging externalport 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/offon the device by depressing the button and holding the button in thedepressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device bydepressing the button and releasing the button before the predefinedtime interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate anunlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device 100 also acceptsverbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions throughmicrophone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or morecontact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensity of contacts ontouch screen 112 and/or one or more tactile output generators 167 forgenerating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments. Device 300 need not be portable. In some embodiments,device 300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer,a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device(such as a child's learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device(e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device 300 typically includesone or more processing units (CPUs) 310, one or more network or othercommunications interfaces 360, memory 370, and one or more communicationbuses 320 for interconnecting these components. Communication buses 320optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) thatinterconnects and controls communications between system components.Device 300 includes input/output (I/O) interface 330 comprising display340, which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface 330 alsooptionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)350 and touchpad 355, tactile output generator 357 for generatingtactile outputs on device 300 (e.g., similar to tactile outputgenerator(s) 167 described above with reference to FIG. 1A), sensors 359(e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contactintensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s) 165 describedabove with reference to FIG. 1A). Memory 370 includes high-speed randomaccess memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solidstate memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, suchas one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storagedevices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storagedevices. Memory 370 optionally includes one or more storage devicesremotely located from CPU(s) 310. In some embodiments, memory 370 storesprograms, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs,modules, and data structures stored in memory 102 of portablemultifunction device 100 (FIG. 1A), or a subset thereof. Furthermore,memory 370 optionally stores additional programs, modules, and datastructures not present in memory 102 of portable multifunction device100. For example, memory 370 of device 300 optionally stores drawingmodule 380, presentation module 382, word processing module 384, websitecreation module 386, disk authoring module 388, and/or spreadsheetmodule 390, while memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 (FIG.1A) optionally does not store these modules.

Each of the above-identified elements in FIG. 3 is, optionally, storedin one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of theabove-identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions forperforming a function described above. The above-identified modules orprograms (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented asseparate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus varioussubsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwiserearranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 370optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identifiedabove. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores additional modules anddata structures not described above.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces thatare, optionally, implemented on, for example, portable multifunctiondevice 100.

FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu ofapplications on portable multifunction device 100 in accordance withsome embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implementedon device 300. In some embodiments, user interface 400 includes thefollowing elements, or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Signal strength indicator(s) 402 for wireless communication(s),        such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;    -   Time 404;    -   Bluetooth indicator 405;    -   Battery status indicator 406;    -   Tray 408 with icons for frequently used applications, such as:        -   Icon 416 for telephone module 138, labeled “Phone,” which            optionally includes an indicator 414 of the number of missed            calls or voicemail messages;        -   Icon 418 for e-mail client module 140, labeled “Mail,” which            optionally includes an indicator 410 of the number of unread            e-mails;        -   Icon 420 for browser module 147, labeled “Browser;” and        -   Icon 422 for video and music player module 152, also            referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module 152,            labeled “iPod;” and    -   Icons for other applications, such as:        -   Icon 424 for IM module 141, labeled “Messages;”        -   Icon 426 for calendar module 148, labeled “Calendar;”        -   Icon 428 for image management module 144, labeled “Photos;”        -   Icon 430 for camera module 143, labeled “Camera;”        -   Icon 432 for online video module 155, labeled “Online            Video;”        -   Icon 434 for stocks widget 149-2, labeled “Stocks;”        -   Icon 436 for map module 154, labeled “Maps;”        -   Icon 438 for weather widget 149-1, labeled “Weather;”        -   Icon 440 for alarm clock widget 149-4, labeled “Clock;”        -   Icon 442 for workout support module 142, labeled “Workout            Support;”        -   Icon 444 for notes module 153, labeled “Notes;” and        -   Icon 446 for a settings application or module, labeled            “Settings,” which provides access to settings for device 100            and its various applications 136.

It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in FIG. 4A aremerely exemplary. For example, icon 422 for video and music playermodule 152 is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are,optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, alabel for a respective application icon includes a name of anapplication corresponding to the respective application icon. In someembodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct froma name of an application corresponding to the particular applicationicon.

FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g.,device 300, FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 451 (e.g., a tabletor touchpad 355, FIG. 3) that is separate from the display 450 (e.g.,touch screen display 112). Device 300 also, optionally, includes one ormore contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors 359) fordetecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface 451 and/orone or more tactile output generators 357 for generating tactile outputsfor a user of device 300.

Although some of the examples that follow will be given with referenceto inputs on touch screen display 112 (where the touch-sensitive surfaceand the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detectsinputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display,as shown in FIG. 4B. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface(e.g., 451 in FIG. 4B) has a primary axis (e.g., 452 in FIG. 4B) thatcorresponds to a primary axis (e.g., 453 in FIG. 4B) on the display(e.g., 450). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detectscontacts (e.g., 460 and 462 in FIG. 4B) with the touch-sensitive surface451 at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display(e.g., in FIG. 4B, 460 corresponds to 468 and 462 corresponds to 470).In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts 460 and 462, and movementsthereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,451 in FIG. 4B) are used by the device to manipulate the user interfaceon the display (e.g., 450 in FIG. 4B) of the multifunction device whenthe touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should beunderstood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other userinterfaces described herein.

Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily withreference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures,finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in someembodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with inputfrom another input device (e.g., a mouse-based input or stylus input).For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click(e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor alongthe path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). Asanother example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouseclick while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture(e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detectthe contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneouslydetected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are,optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are,optionally, used simultaneously.

FIG. 5A illustrates exemplary personal electronic device 500. Device 500includes body 502. In some embodiments, device 500 can include some orall of the features described with respect to devices 100 and 300 (e.g.,FIGS. 1A-4B). In some embodiments, device 500 has touch-sensitivedisplay screen 504, hereafter touch screen 504. Alternatively, or inaddition to touch screen 504, device 500 has a display and atouch-sensitive surface. As with devices 100 and 300, in someembodiments, touch screen 504 (or the touch-sensitive surface)optionally includes one or more intensity sensors for detectingintensity of contacts (e.g., touches) being applied. The one or moreintensity sensors of touch screen 504 (or the touch-sensitive surface)can provide output data that represents the intensity of touches. Theuser interface of device 500 can respond to touches based on theirintensity, meaning that touches of different intensities can invokedifferent user interface operations on device 500.

Exemplary techniques for detecting and processing touch intensity arefound, for example, in related applications: International PatentApplication Serial No. PCT/US2013/040061, titled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface ObjectsCorresponding to an Application,” filed May 8, 2013, published as WIPOPublication No. WO/2013/169849, and International Patent ApplicationSerial No. PCT/US2013/069483, titled “Device, Method, and Graphical UserInterface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display OutputRelationships,” filed Nov. 11, 2013, published as WIPO Publication No.WO/2014/105276, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference intheir entirety.

In some embodiments, device 500 has one or more input mechanisms 506 and508. Input mechanisms 506 and 508, if included, can be physical.Examples of physical input mechanisms include push buttons and rotatablemechanisms. In some embodiments, device 500 has one or more attachmentmechanisms. Such attachment mechanisms, if included, can permitattachment of device 500 with, for example, hats, eyewear, earrings,necklaces, shirts, jackets, bracelets, watch straps, chains, trousers,belts, shoes, purses, backpacks, and so forth. These attachmentmechanisms permit device 500 to be worn by a user.

FIG. 5B depicts exemplary personal electronic device 500. In someembodiments, device 500 can include some or all of the componentsdescribed with respect to FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 3. Device 500 has bus 512that operatively couples I/O section 514 with one or more computerprocessors 516 and memory 518. I/O section 514 can be connected todisplay 504, which can have touch-sensitive component 522 and,optionally, intensity sensor 524 (e.g., contact intensity sensor). Inaddition, I/O section 514 can be connected with communication unit 530for receiving application and operating system data, using Wi-Fi,Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), cellular, and/or otherwireless communication techniques. Device 500 can include inputmechanisms 506 and/or 508. Input mechanism 506 is, optionally, arotatable input device or a depressible and rotatable input device, forexample. Input mechanism 508 is, optionally, a button, in some examples.

Input mechanism 508 is, optionally, a microphone, in some examples.Personal electronic device 500 optionally includes various sensors, suchas GPS sensor 532, accelerometer 534, directional sensor 540 (e.g.,compass), gyroscope 536, motion sensor 538, and/or a combinationthereof, all of which can be operatively connected to I/O section 514.

Memory 518 of personal electronic device 500 can include one or morenon-transitory computer-readable storage mediums, for storingcomputer-executable instructions, which, when executed by one or morecomputer processors 516, for example, can cause the computer processorsto perform the techniques described below, including processes 700-900(FIGS. 7A-7B, 8, and 9A-9B). A computer-readable storage medium can beany medium that can tangibly contain or store computer-executableinstructions for use by or in connection with the instruction executionsystem, apparatus, or device. In some examples, the storage medium is atransitory computer-readable storage medium. In some examples, thestorage medium is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium can include, but is notlimited to, magnetic, optical, and/or semiconductor storages. Examplesof such storage include magnetic disks, optical discs based on CD, DVD,or Blu-ray technologies, as well as persistent solid-state memory suchas flash, solid-state drives, and the like. Personal electronic device500 is not limited to the components and configuration of FIG. 5B, butcan include other or additional components in multiple configurations.

As used here, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactivegraphical user interface object that is, optionally, displayed on thedisplay screen of devices 100, 300, and/or 500 (FIGS. 1A, 3, and 5A-5B).For example, an image (e.g., icon), a button, and text (e.g., hyperlink)each optionally constitute an affordance.

As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input elementthat indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user isinteracting. In some implementations that include a cursor or otherlocation marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector” so that when aninput (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touchpad 355 in FIG. 3 or touch-sensitive surface 451 in FIG. 4B)while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., abutton, window, slider, or other user interface element), the particularuser interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detectedinput. In some implementations that include a touch screen display(e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112 in FIG. 1A or touch screen 112in FIG. 4A) that enables direct interaction with user interface elementson the touch screen display, a detected contact on the touch screen actsas a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by thecontact) is detected on the touch screen display at a location of aparticular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, orother user interface element), the particular user interface element isadjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations,focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region ofthe user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor ormovement of a contact on a touch screen display (e.g., by using a tabkey or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); inthese implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance withmovement of focus between different regions of the user interface.Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, thefocus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on atouch screen display) that is controlled by the user so as tocommunicate the user's intended interaction with the user interface(e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interfacewith which the user is intending to interact). For example, the locationof a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box) overa respective button while a press input is detected on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicatethat the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposedto other user interface elements shown on a display of the device).

As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristicintensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact basedon one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, thecharacteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. Thecharacteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number ofintensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during apredetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting thecontact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or afterdetecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an endof the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity ofthe contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity ofthe contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally,based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of thecontact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an averagevalue of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value ofthe intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of theintensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of theintensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, theduration of the contact is used in determining the characteristicintensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of theintensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, thecharacteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensitythresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by auser. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholdsoptionally includes a first intensity threshold and a second intensitythreshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensitythat does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, acontact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensitythreshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results ina second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity thatexceeds the second threshold results in a third operation. In someembodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and oneor more thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one ormore operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective operation orforgo performing the respective operation), rather than being used todetermine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation.

FIG. 5C illustrates detecting a plurality of contacts 552A-552E ontouch-sensitive display screen 504 with a plurality of intensity sensors524A-524D. FIG. 5C additionally includes intensity diagrams that showthe current intensity measurements of the intensity sensors 524A-524Drelative to units of intensity. In this example, the intensitymeasurements of intensity sensors 524A and 524D are each 9 units ofintensity, and the intensity measurements of intensity sensors 524B and524C are each 7 units of intensity. In some implementations, anaggregate intensity is the sum of the intensity measurements of theplurality of intensity sensors 524A-524D, which in this example is 32intensity units. In some embodiments, each contact is assigned arespective intensity that is a portion of the aggregate intensity. FIG.5D illustrates assigning the aggregate intensity to contacts 552A-552Ebased on their distance from the center of force 554. In this example,each of contacts 552A, 552B, and 552E are assigned an intensity ofcontact of 8 intensity units of the aggregate intensity, and each ofcontacts 552C and 552D are assigned an intensity of contact of 4intensity units of the aggregate intensity. More generally, in someimplementations, each contact j is assigned a respective intensity Ijthat is a portion of the aggregate intensity, A, in accordance with apredefined mathematical function, Ij=A·(Dj/ΣDi), where Dj is thedistance of the respective contact j to the center of force, and ΣDi isthe sum of the distances of all the respective contacts (e.g., i=1 tolast) to the center of force. The operations described with reference toFIGS. 5C-5D can be performed using an electronic device similar oridentical to device 100, 300, or 500. In some embodiments, acharacteristic intensity of a contact is based on one or moreintensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the intensity sensorsare used to determine a single characteristic intensity (e.g., a singlecharacteristic intensity of a single contact). It should be noted thatthe intensity diagrams are not part of a displayed user interface, butare included in FIGS. 5C-5D to aid the reader.

In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposesof determining a characteristic intensity. For example, atouch-sensitive surface optionally receives a continuous swipe contacttransitioning from a start location and reaching an end location, atwhich point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, thecharacteristic intensity of the contact at the end location is,optionally, based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, andnot the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipecontact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithmis, optionally, applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior todetermining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example,the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: anunweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothingalgorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponentialsmoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithmseliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contactfor purposes of determining a characteristic intensity.

The intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface is,optionally, characterized relative to one or more intensity thresholds,such as a contact-detection intensity threshold, a light press intensitythreshold, a deep press intensity threshold, and/or one or more otherintensity thresholds. In some embodiments, the light press intensitythreshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will performoperations typically associated with clicking a button of a physicalmouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensitythreshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will performoperations that are different from operations typically associated withclicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In someembodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensitybelow the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominalcontact-detection intensity threshold below which the contact is nolonger detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordancewith movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface withoutperforming an operation associated with the light press intensitythreshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unlessotherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent betweendifferent sets of user interface figures.

An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensitybelow the light press intensity threshold to an intensity between thelight press intensity threshold and the deep press intensity thresholdis sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase ofcharacteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deeppress intensity threshold to an intensity above the deep press intensitythreshold is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increaseof characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below thecontact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity between thecontact-detection intensity threshold and the light press intensitythreshold is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on thetouch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contactfrom an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold to anintensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold is sometimesreferred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface.In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is zero.In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold isgreater than zero.

In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations areperformed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respectivepress input or in response to detecting the respective press inputperformed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), wherethe respective press input is detected based at least in part ondetecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality ofcontacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments,the respective operation is performed in response to detecting theincrease in intensity of the respective contact above the press-inputintensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective pressinput). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase inintensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensitythreshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact belowthe press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation isperformed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensityof the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “upstroke” of the respective press input).

FIGS. 5E-5H illustrate detection of a gesture that includes a pressinput that corresponds to an increase in intensity of a contact 562 froman intensity below a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”) inFIG. 5E, to an intensity above a deep press intensity threshold (e.g.,“IT_(D)”) in FIG. 5H. The gesture performed with contact 562 is detectedon touch-sensitive surface 560 while cursor 576 is displayed overapplication icon 572B corresponding to App 2, on a displayed userinterface 570 that includes application icons 572A-572D displayed inpredefined region 574. In some embodiments, the gesture is detected ontouch-sensitive display 504. The intensity sensors detect the intensityof contacts on touch-sensitive surface 560. The device determines thatthe intensity of contact 562 peaked above the deep press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”). Contact 562 is maintained on touch-sensitivesurface 560. In response to the detection of the gesture, and inaccordance with contact 562 having an intensity that goes above the deeppress intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) during the gesture,reduced-scale representations 578A-578C (e.g., thumbnails) of recentlyopened documents for App 2 are displayed, as shown in FIGS. 5F-5H. Insome embodiments, the intensity, which is compared to the one or moreintensity thresholds, is the characteristic intensity of a contact. Itshould be noted that the intensity diagram for contact 562 is not partof a displayed user interface, but is included in FIGS. 5E-5H to aid thereader.

In some embodiments, the display of representations 578A-578C includesan animation. For example, representation 578A is initially displayed inproximity of application icon 572B, as shown in FIG. 5F. As theanimation proceeds, representation 578A moves upward and representation578B is displayed in proximity of application icon 572B, as shown inFIG. 5G. Then, representations 578A moves upward, 578B moves upwardtoward representation 578A, and representation 578C is displayed inproximity of application icon 572B, as shown in FIG. 5H. Representations578A-578C form an array above icon 572B. In some embodiments, theanimation progresses in accordance with an intensity of contact 562, asshown in FIGS. 5F-5G, where the representations 578A-578C appear andmove upwards as the intensity of contact 562 increases toward the deeppress intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”). In some embodiments, theintensity, on which the progress of the animation is based, is thecharacteristic intensity of the contact. The operations described withreference to FIGS. 5E-5H can be performed using an electronic devicesimilar or identical to device 100, 300, or 500.

In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoidaccidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines orselects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationshipto the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensitythreshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensitythreshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or somereasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, insome embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity ofthe respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and asubsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresisintensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensitythreshold, and the respective operation is performed in response todetecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contactbelow the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of therespective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press inputis detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of thecontact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity thresholdto an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and,optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to anintensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respectiveoperation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g.,the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity ofthe contact, depending on the circumstances).

For ease of explanation, the descriptions of operations performed inresponse to a press input associated with a press-input intensitythreshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are,optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase inintensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, anincrease in intensity of a contact from an intensity below thehysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-inputintensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below thepress-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of thecontact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to thepress-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where anoperation is described as being performed in response to detecting adecrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensitythreshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response todetecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresisintensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-inputintensity threshold.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”)and associated processes that are implemented on an electronic device,such as portable multifunction device 100, device 300, or device 500.

FIGS. 6A-6AF illustrate exemplary user interfaces for managing acommunication session, in accordance with some embodiments. The userinterfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processesdescribed below, including the processes in FIGS. 7A-7B, 8, and 9A-9B.

FIG. 6A illustrates electronic devices 602 and 652. Each electronicdevice corresponds to a different user. For example, device 602corresponds to a first user (“Freddy”) and device 602 is logged into afirst user account corresponding to the first user. For another example,device 652 corresponds to a second user (“Nick”) and device 652 islogged into a second user account corresponding to the second user.Devices 602 and 652 are remote from each other.

The device 602 receives user input to activate a messaging application(e.g., a tap on an affordance corresponding to the messagingapplication). As illustrated in FIG. 6A, in response to receiving theuser input, device 602 displays a user interface 604 for the messagingapplication. The user interface 604 for the messaging applicationincludes affordances 604 a for accessing a plurality of conversationsand an affordance 604 b for starting a new conversation. At FIG. 6A,device 603 receives tap input 606 a on (e.g., at a location on atouch-sensitive surface corresponding to) affordance 604 b. The displayof device 652 is off in FIG. 6A.

At FIG. 6B, in response to receiving the tap input 606 a, device 602displays entry field 604 c for receiving contact information ofparticipants for the conversation entered by the user, keyboard 604 dfor entering information (such as the contact information), field 604 ffor receiving messages entered by the user (e.g., using keyboard 604 d),and affordance 604 e for adding participants to the conversation. Thedisplay of device 652 is off in FIG. 6B.

At FIG. 6C, device 602 receives tap input 606 b on affordance 604 e.Device 602 receives additional user inputs selecting contacts from anaddress book and adds the selected contacts to the conversation asparticipants, as illustrated in field 604 c of FIG. 6D. Device 602 alsoreceives user input, such as by voice input or keyboard entry usingkeyboard 604 d, that, as illustrated in FIG. 6D, is displayed in field604 f in the form of a draft message (e.g., without transmitting themessage to the participants of the conversation). In this example, thedraft message includes a first portion that does not include a URL and asecond portion that does include a URL. The URL is a link to a mediafile. The display of device 652 is off in FIGS. 6C-6D.

At FIG. 6E, device 602 receives tap input 606 c on affordance 604 g forsending the draft message. The display of device 652 is off in FIG. 6E.

In response to receiving tap input 606 c on affordance 604 g, device 602transmits the contents of the draft message to the participants of theconversation and, as illustrated in FIG. 6F, displays the message 608 aand 608 b in the conversation log 608. Live affordance 610 provides anindication as to whether device 602 is currently transmitting a livemedia stream to the participants of the conversation. In this example,live affordance 610 is not bolded, thus indicating that device 602 isnot transmitting a live media stream to the participants of theconversation. In some examples, the indication as to whether device 602is transmitting includes one or more of: a color, a size, and ananimation of live affordance 610. Device 602 concurrently displays aplurality of avatars 618 a, 620 a, and 622 a for participants of thecommunication session other than the user of device 602. In thisexample, avatars 618 a, 620 a, and 622 a are displayed aboveconversation log 608. Avatars 618 a, 620 a, and 622 a are adjacent tolive affordance 610, which is above conversation log 608. Device 602also displays, directly below each avatar, the name of the respectiveparticipant represented by the avatar. Conversation log 608 separatesavatars 618 a, 620 a, and 622 a from keyboard 604 d. As an example,avatar 618 a is a 3D computer-generated image representing participantNick who is participating in the conversation using device 652.

At FIG. 6F, device 652 receives the message from device 602 while in alocked state and displays, on lock screen 654, a notification 654 a thatincludes at least a portion of the received message and, optionally, anindication of the sender (e.g., “Freddy”).

At FIG. 6G, device 602 and device 652 both receive a new message fromanother participant of the conversation (“Lauren”). Device 602 displaysthe new message 608 c in the conversation log 608. Device 652, while inthe locked state, displays the new message 654 b on lock screen 654.

At FIG. 6H, device 602 receives tap input 606 d on live affordance 610.At FIG. 6I, in response to receiving tap input 606 d on live affordance610, device 602 displays a menu 612 that concurrently includes an audioaffordance 612 a for transmitting a live media stream that includes liveaudio and does not include live video, a video affordance 612 b fortransmitting a live media stream that includes live audio and livevideo, and a cancel affordance 612 c for continuing to not transmit alive media stream. While concurrently displaying audio affordance 612 a,video affordance 612 b, and cancel affordance 612 c, device 602 receivestap input 604 h on audio affordance 612 a.

As illustrated in FIGS. 6J-6M, in response to receiving tap input 604 hon audio affordance 612 a, device 602 provides the user with a countdown614 to beginning transmission of the live media stream. In someexamples, the countdown is provided through generating audio (e.g., averbal countdown played using a speaker of device 602). In someexamples, the countdown is provided through tactile feedback. In thisexample, the countdown is provided through visual display of countdown614, as illustrated in FIGS. 6J-6M. Countdown 614 includes cancelaffordance 614 a which, when activated, cancels the countdown withoutbeginning transmission of the live media stream. Note that device 602 isnot transmitting a live media stream throughout FIGS. 6A-6I, asindicated by live affordance 610 not being bolded.

At FIG. 6M, in response to receiving tap input 604 h on audio affordance612 a and after the countdown has successfully completed, device 602begins detecting audio using a microphone of device 602. In someexamples, device 602 begins detecting audio before the countdown hascompleted but does not transmit that audio as part of the live mediastream. In some examples, in response to receiving tap input 604 h onaudio affordance 612 a, device 602 forgoes beginning to detect videousing a camera sensor of device 602.

In response to receiving tap input 604 h on audio affordance 612 a andafter the countdown has successfully completed, device 602 beginstransmitting audio (without video) in a live media stream to theparticipants (other than to the user of device 602) of the conversation.Because device 602 received activation of audio affordance 612 a, ratherthan video affordance 612 b, the live media stream includes live audioand does not include live video. Had device 602 received activation ofaffordance 612 b, the live media stream would include live audio andlive video.

As illustrated in FIG. 6M, device 652 receives an indication that aparticipant of the conversation is streaming live media. While in thelocked state, device 652 displays, on lock screen 654, notification 654c that Freddy is transmitting a live media stream. Notification 654 cincludes an indication of the sender 654 e of the live media stream andan indication, such as indication 654 d or indication 654 f, that thenotification is for a live media stream and, optionally, that thenotification is for a live audio stream (rather than a live videostream).

At FIG. 6N, in response to device 602 beginning to transmit the livemedia stream to the participants of the conversation, device 602displays a notification 608 d in the conversation log 608 indicatingthat device 602 has begun transmitting a live media stream. Similarly,live affordance 610 provides an indication that device 602 istransmitting a live media stream to the participants of theconversation. In this example, live affordance 610 is bolded to indicatethat device 602 is transmitting a live media stream. Further, liveaffordance 610 is updated to include an audio indicator 610 a thatvaries (e.g., in shape, size, and/or color) in accordance with a volume(or frequency) of audio detected by device 602 using a microphone. Audioindicator 610 a indicates the state of the live media stream to the userand confirms to the user that device 602 is properly detecting audio foruse in the live media stream.

FIG. 6N also illustrates device 652 receiving input 656 a onnotification 654 c on lock screen 654. In some examples, device 652includes one or more intensity sensors and determines whether acharacteristic intensity of input 656 a exceeds an intensity threshold.In accordance with the characteristic intensity of input 656 a exceedingthe intensity threshold, device 652 provides a preview of the live mediastream to the user without opening a corresponding messaging application(and, optionally, without indicating to other participants that the userhas joined the conversation). In accordance with the characteristicintensity of input 656 a not exceeding the intensity threshold, device652 provides the live media stream to the user by opening thecorresponding messaging application (and, optionally, indicates to otherparticipants that the user has joined the conversation).

As illustrated in FIG. 6O, in response to device 652 detecting input 656a, device 652 displays a user interface for a messaging application,including conversation log 658. Conversation log 658 includes messages658 a-658 c received from other participants in the conversation and anotification 658 d indicating that a participant (the user of device602) has begun transmitting a live media stream. Notification 658 dincludes join affordance 658 e which, when activated, cause device 658to join the live media stream (e.g., begin providing the live mediastream to the user of device 652). In some examples, in response todevice 652 detecting input 656 a, device 652 provides the live mediastream(s) being transmitted by participants of the conversation to theuser (e.g., via a speaker)—in this case live audio being transmitted bydevice 602. In some examples, in response to device 652 detecting input656 a, device 652 does not provide, to the user (e.g., via a speaker),the live media stream(s) being transmitted by participants of theconversation until activation of join affordance 658 e is received.Device 652 concurrently displays a plurality of avatars 668 a, 670 a,and 672 a for participants of the communication session other than theuser of device 652. In this example, avatars 668 a, 670 a, and 672 a aredisplayed above conversation log 658. Avatars 668 a, 670 a, and 672 aare adjacent to live affordance 660. In particular, avatar 668 arepresents participant Freddy who is participating in the conversationusing device 602. Device 652 also displays, directly below each avatar,the name of the respective participant represented by the avatar.

At FIG. 6O, device 602 receives tap input 604 i on live affordance 610.At FIG. 6P, in response to receiving tap input 604 i on live affordance610, device 602 displays a menu 616 that concurrently includes a videoaffordance 616 a for transitioning from transmitting live audio totransmitting live video and live audio, an end-audio affordance 616 bfor ceasing to transmit the live media stream, and a cancel affordance616 c for continuing to transmit a live media stream including liveaudio and not including live video.

At FIG. 6P, device 652 receives tap input 656 b on join affordance 658e. In response to detecting activation of join affordance 658 e, asillustrated in FIG. 6Q, device 652 begins transmitting a live mediastream that includes live audio (and does not include live video), inaddition to providing the live media stream(s) to the user (e.g., via aspeaker) being transmitted by participants of the conversation—in thiscase live audio being transmitted by device 602. Similarly, device 652updates live affordance 660 to be bolded to indicate to the user thatdevice 652 is transmitting a live media stream to participants of theconversation. At FIG. 6Q, device 652 displays notification 658 f in theconversation log 658 indicating that participant Freddy has beguntransmitting a live media stream including live audio using device 602.As a result, device 602 receives the live audio from device 652 andoutputs the live audio received from device 652 on speakers of device602. Further, device 602 provides an indication that participant Nick isproviding a live media stream by displaying dot 618 c under avatar 618a, the dot 618 c being displayed next to the name of the participant(“Nick”). Device 652 further displays, in conversation log 658,notification 658 g indicating that device 652 is transmitting live audioto participants of the conversation.

At FIG. 6Q, while device 602 is transmitting live audio to participantsof the conversation, device 602 receives tap input 604 j on videoaffordance 616 a for transitioning from transmitting live audio totransmitting live video and live audio. In response to device 602receiving tap input 604 j on video affordance 616 a, device 602transitions from not transmitting live video to transmitting live videoand live audio.

At FIG. 6R, in response to device 602 receiving tap input 604 j on videoaffordance 616 a, device 602 replaces display of conversation log 608with avatars 618 a, 620 a, and 622 a of one or more participants of theconversation. In some examples, device 602 displays an animation thattransitions the avatars 618 a, 620 b, and 620 c displayed above theconversation log to a grid that replaces the conversation log byenlarging the avatars, moving the avatars (e.g., down on the display),and changing the shapes (e.g., from round to rectangular) of theavatars. Device 602 also displays avatar 624 a of the user of device602. Avatar 618 a of participant Nick is a 3D computer-generated image.Indication 618 b indicates that participant Nick is transmitting liveaudio. Avatar 620 a of participant Lauren is a static image accessedfrom an address book of device 602. Participant Lauren is nottransmitting a live media stream (no live audio and no live video).Avatar 622 a of participant Giancarlo is a set of initials for theparticipant. Thought bubble 622 b indicates that participant Giancarlois typing a draft message in the conversation. Avatar 624 a of the userof device 602 (Freddy) is a live video captured using a camera of device602, such as a forward facing camera, which is the same live videodevice 602 is transmitting in the live media stream. Full-screenaffordance 624 b, when activated, causes device 602 to enlarge avatar624 a and, optionally, to replace display of avatars 618 a, 620 a, and622 a. Camera affordance 624 c, when activated, causes device 602 tochange the source for the user's live video stream from a first camerasensor (e.g., the forward facing camera) to a second camera sensor(e.g., a rear facing camera). Affordance 624 d, when activated, causedevice 602 to transition between transmitting live audio without livevideo and live audio with live video.

At FIG. 6R, device 652 begins receiving live video corresponding toparticipant Freddy. In response to receiving live video corresponding toparticipant Freddy, device 652 updates avatar 668 a of participantFreddy to include the live video corresponding to participant Freddy. Asillustrated in FIG. 6R, device 652 displays a ring 668 b around avatar668 a. In some examples, displaying ring 668 b indicates thatparticipant Freddy is transmitting a live media stream. In someexamples, a characteristic (e.g., a color, a thickness, an animation) ofring 668 b is indicative of whether participant Freddy is currentlytransmitting a live media stream to participants of the communicationsession. In some examples, the size (and/or color, and/or shape) of ring668 b varies in accordance with a volume (or frequency) of audioreceived from participant Freddy.

At FIG. 6S, participant Lauren has started transmitting live video and,as a result, device 602 updates avatar 620 a of participant Lauren toinclude the live video being received from participant Lauren. Further,device 620 a displays caption affordance 620 b with avatar 620 a basedon receiving live audio from participant Lauren. Device 602 has receiveda textual message from participant Giancarlo and, as a result, device602 displays the message in speech bubble 622 c with avatar 622 a ofparticipant Giancarlo. As illustrated in FIG. 6S, device 602 a receivestap input 604 k on caption affordance 620 b. In response to receivingtap input 604 k on caption affordance 620 b, device 602 begins todisplay, such as at FIG. 6U, captions 620 c for audio transmitted byparticipant Lauren. The captions are optionally transcribed at device602 a or at a remote server.

At FIG. 6S, participant Lauren has started transmitting live video and,as a result, device 652 updates avatar 670 a of participant Lauren toinclude the live video being received from participant Lauren.

As illustrated in FIGS. 6T-6X, device 652 receives downward swipe userinput 656 c starting at a location adjacent to the top of the display(e.g., adjacent to avatars 668 a, 670 a, and 672 a, on a handle). Device652 continues to receive the swipe user input 656 c as it progressestoward the bottom of the display without detecting liftoff of the swipeuser input 656 c. As the swipe user input 656 c progresses (with handle662), device 652 transitions display of the avatars 668 a, 670 a, and672 a of the participants by concurrently gradually enlarging sizes ofthe avatars 668 a, 670 a, and 672 a, changing the shapes of thedisplayed avatars (e.g., from circular in FIG. 6T to rectangular in FIG.6W), and changing locations of the displayed avatars 668 a, 670 a, and672 a (e.g., from a 1-by-3 grid at the top of the display to a 2-by-2grid).

At FIG. 6V, device 602 receives tap input 604 l on camera affordance 624c. As illustrated in FIGS. 6V and 6W, in response to receiving tap input604 l on camera affordance 624 c, device 602 transitions the live videoof avatar 624 a from a first camera (e.g., a forward facing camera) to asecond camera (e.g., a rear facing camera) of device 602.

At FIG. 6X, device 602 receives tap input 604 m on full-screenaffordance 624 b. As illustrated in FIG. 6Y, in response to receivingtap input 604 m on full-screen affordance 624 b, device 602 enlarges theavatar 624 a on display of device 602, such as by using a smoothanimation. At FIG. 6Y, avatar 674 a represents the participant Nick ofdevice 652. Device 652 receives tap input 656 d on affordance 674 b. Inresponse to receiving tap input 656 d, device 652 transitions fromtransmitting live audio without live video to transmitting live audiowith live video (e.g., by beginning to capture live video at device 652using a front-facing camera sensor), as illustrated by avatar 674 aincluding live video in FIG. 6Z.

At FIG. 6AA, device 602 has transitioned back to displaying message log608, including notification 608 e indicating that participant Nick ofdevice 652 had previously started transmitting live video as part of alive media stream. In this example, device 602 continues to transmitlive video in the live media stream, as indicated by bolded liveaffordance 610. Similarly, device 652 has transitioned back todisplaying message log 658, including notification 658 h indicating thatdevice 652 had previously started transmitting live video as part of alive media stream.

At FIG. 6AB, the user of device 602 has provided a link to a media file,such as by entering a URL into field 604 f. In some examples, the userenters the URL using the same (or similar) technique as described withrelation to FIGS. 6D-6F. In this example, the media file is a video. Inresponse, device 602 transmits the link to the media file to otherparticipants of communication session (e.g., Freddy, Lauren, Giancarlo).As illustrated in FIG. 6AB, device 602 displays a message 608 f,including affordance 608 g for synchronized playback of the media fileand affordance 608 h for local (unsynchronized) playback of the mediafile. The visual appearance of affordance 608 h is based on the contentof the media (e.g., includes a frame from the corresponding video).Message 608 f also includes an indication 608 i of the source of themedia file.

At FIG. 6AB, in response to receiving the media file transmitted bydevice 602, device 652 displays message 658 i, including affordance 658l for synchronized playback of the media file and affordance 658 j forlocal playback of the media file. The visual appearance of affordance658 j is based on the content of the media (e.g., includes a frame fromthe corresponding video). Message 658 i also includes an indication 658k of the source of the media file.

Affordance 608 h, when activated, causes device 602 to display a mediaplayback user interface for playing the media file without synchronizingthe playback with the other participants of the conversation. Thisallows the user of device 602 to, for example, watch a video withoutcausing playback of the video to begin at the other participant'sdevices. Affordance 608 g, when activated, causes device 602 to displaythe media playback user interface for playing the media file whilesynchronizing the playback with the other participants of theconversation. This allows the user of device 602 to, for example, watcha video with playback that is synchronized across one or more of theother participant's devices.

At FIG. AC, device 602 detects tap input 604 n on affordance 608 g. Inresponse to detecting tap input 604 n on affordance 608 g, device 602displays media playback user interface 626 and transmits instructions tothe participants of the conversation to display respective mediaplayback user interfaces (e.g., 676), as illustrated in FIG. 6AD. Mediaplayback user interface 626 includes video 626 a, time counter 626 dshowing the playback time of the media file, play affordance 626 b forstarting playback of the media file, other media controls (fast forward,rewind), and scrubbing bar 626 c for scrubbing to different times in themedia file. Media playback user interface 676 includes video 676 a, timecounter 676 d showing the playback time of the media file, playaffordance 676 b for starting playback of the media file, other mediacontrols, and scrubbing bar 676 c for scrubbing to different times inthe media file. Either device 602 and/or device 652 can display eithermedia playback user interfaces 626 and 676 and the corresponding layoutof avatars.

In some examples, synchronized playback of the media file begins (e.g.,on device 602 and device 652) automatically in response to tap input 604n. In this example, synchronized playback begins in response to device602 detecting activation of play affordance 626 b or device 652detecting activation of play affordance 676 b. At FIG. 6AD, device 602receives tap input 604 o on play affordance 626 b. In response todetecting tap input 604 o on play affordance 626 b, device 602 beginslocal playback of the media file and transmits instructions to controlremote playback of the media file at devices of the other participants(e.g., on device 652) such that the local and remote playback issubstantially synchronized, as illustrated in FIG. 6AE.

At FIG. 6AE, device 602 detects swipe input 604 p on scrubbing bar 626c. In FIG. 6AF, in response to detecting swipe input 604 p, device 602updates display of video 626 a to a time in the video corresponding tothe updated scrubbing bar position and transmits an instruction toparticipants of the conversation such that respective media player userinterfaces of the participants also update to the time in the video suchthat playback of the video is substantially synchronized among thedevices. Similarly, inputs received at device 652 that control theplayback back of video 676 a (e.g., using scrubbing bar 676 c) causedevice 652 to update local display of the video at device 652 andtransmit instructions to control playback of the video at devices ofparticipants (e.g., at device 602) of the conversation such thatplayback of the video is substantially synchronized among the devices.

As further illustrated in FIG. 6AE, device 602 continues to receive livemedia streams, such as live video and live audio, from participants ofthe conversation during the synchronized playback of video 626 a. As aresult, the user of device 602 can view video 626 a and simultaneouslysee and hear the reaction of the other participants as they also watchthe same portions of the video.

In some examples, participants of the conversation can share (e.g., bytransmitting) live views of the user interfaces of their respectivedevices, rather than live video captured using cameras. In someexamples, the above techniques can be used to synchronize game play onrespective devices, rather than or in addition to, video playback. Forexample, two remote users can share the same view and control the samecharacter in a first-person game.

In some examples, while device 602 is transmitting a live media stream,device 602 receives user inputs and, in response, returns to displayinguser interface 604 for the messaging application that includesaffordances 604 a for accessing a plurality of conversations whilecontinuing to transmit the live media stream. In some examples,returning to user interface 604 causes device 602 to cease transmittinglive video (but continue transmitting live audio) to participants of theconversation.

In some examples, device 602 modifies the audio from respectiveparticipants based on the location of display of the respective avatarfor the participant on the display (e.g., using head-related transferfunctions, audio corresponding to avatar at top of display sounds likeit is coming from above, audio corresponding to avatar on right ofdisplay sounds like it is coming from the right). In some examples, alive media stream including live video can be redirected to a remotedevice for display on a television.

In some examples, the conversation is maintained even when the initiatorof the conversation (e.g., user of device 602) leaves the conversation.In some examples, the conversation ends when last participant leaves theconversation. In some examples, the device transmitting a live mediastream can save the live media stream into local memory, such as into arepository accessible by an image or video viewing application.

FIGS. 7A-7B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for transmittinglive media (e.g., live audio and/or live video) using an electronicdevice in accordance with some embodiments. Method 700 is performed at adevice (e.g., 100, 300, 500) with a display, one or more camera sensors,and one or microphones. Some operations in method 700 are, optionally,combined, the orders of some operations are, optionally, changed, andsome operations are, optionally, omitted.

As described below, method 700 provides an intuitive way fortransmitting live media (e.g., live audio and/or live video). The methodreduces the cognitive burden on a user for transmitting live media,thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. Forbattery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to transmit livemedia faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the timebetween battery charges.

In method 700, the electronic device receives (702) user input (e.g.,606 b) identifying one or more contacts to include as one or moreparticipants (e.g., other than the user of the electronic device) in acommunication session. In some examples, the electronic device receivesuser input selecting the one or more contacts from among a plurality ofcontacts, such as from among contacts stored in an electronic addressapplication.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device receives(704) (e.g., subsequent to receiving the user input 606 b identifyingthe one or more contacts) user input (e.g., 606 d) for initiating a livestreaming session (e.g., activation of a “live” affordance 610).

While in the communication session, the electronic device concurrentlydisplays (706), on the display: a first (708) affordance (e.g., 612 a)for transmitting a live media stream that includes live audio and doesnot include live video (or any video), and also a second (710)affordance (e.g., 612 b) for transmitting a live media stream thatincludes live audio and live video (e.g., a single stream that includesboth audio and video).

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device concurrentlydisplaying the first (e.g., 612 a) and second affordances (e.g., 612 b)is in response to receiving the user input (e.g., 606 d) for initiatingthe live streaming session.

The electronic device receives (712) user input (e.g., 604 h) activatingone of the first affordance and the second affordance.

In accordance with (714) receiving user input (e.g., 604 h) activatingthe first affordance (e.g., 604 a), the electronic device detects (716),using the one or more microphones, audio. In some examples, theelectronic device does not detect using the one or more camera sensors,a plurality of images for a video.

Further in accordance with (714) receiving user input (e.g., 604 h)activating the first affordance (e.g., 604 a), the electronic devicetransmits (718) (e.g., concurrently with detecting the audio) live audio(without video, based on the detected audio) in a live media stream tothe one or more participants (other than the user of the electronicdevice) of the communication session, wherein transmitting the liveaudio occurs without transmission of live video. Optionally, theelectronic device does not detect, using the one or more camera sensors,images. Optionally, the electronic device does not transmit streamingvideo (e.g., captured based on images detected by the one or more camerasensors) for receipt by the participants of the communication session.

In accordance with (720) receiving user input activating the secondaffordance (e.g., 604 b), the electronic device detects (722), using theone or more microphones, audio. Further in accordance with (720)receiving user input activating the second affordance (e.g., 604 b), theelectronic device detects (724) (e.g., concurrently with detecting theaudio), using the one or more camera sensors, a plurality of images fora video. Further in accordance with (720) receiving user inputactivating the second affordance (e.g., 604 b), the electronic devicetransmits (726) the live audio (e.g., based on the detected audio) andthe live video (e.g., based on plurality of images for a video) in alive media stream to the one or more participants (e.g., other than theuser of the electronic device) of the communication session. In someexamples, alternatively (or in addition) to transmitting the audio oraudio/video, the electronic device transmits invitations for receipt bythe participants of the communication session to begin receiving therespective audio or audio/video.

In accordance with some embodiments, in accordance with receiving theuser input (e.g., 604 h) activating the first affordance (e.g., 612 a),the electronic device displays, in a transcript area (e.g., 608) of thecommunication session, an indication (e.g., 608 d) that live audiostreaming has begun. In accordance with some embodiments, in accordancewith receiving the user input activating the second affordance (e.g.,612 b), the electronic device displays, in the transcript area of thecommunication session, an indication that live video streaming hasbegun. Providing an indication of the type of streaming that has begunprovides the user with feedback about the type of information beingcollected and transmitted to other participants. Providing improvedvisual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device andmakes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping theuser to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes whenoperating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reducespower usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the userto use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In accordance with some embodiments, in response to receiving the userinput (e.g., 606 b) identifying one or more contacts, the electronicdevice automatically transmits requests to the one or more contacts tojoin the communication session. Automatically transmitting the requeststo the one or more contacts enables the user to share live audio and/orvideo with the contacts without requiring excessive user inputs.Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhancesthe operability of the device and makes the user-device interface moreefficient which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves batterylife of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quicklyand efficiently.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device receives arequest to transmit media (e.g., 604 h, 604 j) to participants of thecommunication session. In response to receiving the request to transmitmedia to participants of the communication session, in accordance with adetermination that the communication session does not currently includetransmitting a live media stream, the electronic device transmits afirst type of notification to one or more of the first participantswithout transmitting a second type of notification to the one or more ofthe first participants. In response to receiving the request to transmitmedia to participants of the communication session, in accordance with adetermination that the communication session does currently includetransmitting a live media stream, the electronic device transmits thesecond type of notification to one or more of the first participantswithout transmitting the first type of notification to the one or moreof the first participants. In some examples, the device transmitsdifferent type of data based on whether the current communicationsession does or does not include live streaming of audio and/or video.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device displays oneor more respective avatars (e.g., 618 a, 620 a, 622 a, 668 a, 670 a, 672a) for one or more (e.g., all, some but not all) of the participants ofthe communication session. In some examples, in accordance withreceiving a live media stream including live video from a participant,the respective avatar of the participant includes at least a portion ofthe received live video. In some examples, the electronic devicearranges the one or more respective avatars in a grid-style arrangement.Displaying avatars for respective participants provides the user withvisual feedback about who is a participant in the communication sessionindependent of whether the participant is currently speaking. Providingimproved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of thedevice and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., byhelping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakeswhen operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reducespower usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the userto use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device displays oneor more respective status indicators (e.g., 610, 660, 668 b) for one ormore (e.g., all, some but not all) of the participants of thecommunication session. The respective status indicators includerespective indications of whether the respective participant iscurrently transmitting a live media stream to participants of thecommunication session. Displaying status indicators for participantsprovides the user with visual feedback about the status of eachparticipant in the communication session (e.g., streaming media, notstreaming media, streaming only audio, streaming audio/video). Providingimproved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of thedevice and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., byhelping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakeswhen operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reducespower usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the userto use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device displaysrespective avatars (e.g., 668 a) of participants of the communicationsession. In some examples, in accordance with receiving a live mediastream including live video from a participant, the respective avatar ofthe participant includes at least a portion of the received live video.The respective status indicators (e.g., 668 b) for the participants ofthe communication sessions include a visual indicator (e.g., 668 b,ring, circular image) around the respective avatars (e.g., 668 a) of theparticipants of the communication session. A characteristic (e.g., acolor, a thickness, an animation) of the visual indicator is indicativeof whether the respective participant is currently transmitting a livemedia stream to participants of the communication session. In someexamples, the ring (e.g., 668 b) around the avatar (e.g., 668 a) of aparticipant that is currently streaming live media (e.g., audio and/orvideo) is a first color (e.g., green). In some examples, the ring (e.g.,668 b) around the avatar (e.g., 668 a) of a participant that is notcurrently streaming live media (e.g., audio and/or video) is a secondcolor (e.g., not green, red). In some examples, avatars of participantsthat are not currently streaming live media (e.g., audio and/or video)do not include the ring. In some examples, a green ring indicates theparticipant is currently streaming live audio. In some examples, a redring indicates the participant is currently streaming live audio andvideo. Displaying varying types of indicators (e.g., shapes, colors)based on the status of the participant provides the user with visualfeedback about the status of each participant in the communicationsession (e.g., streaming media, not streaming media, streaming onlyaudio, streaming audio/video). Providing improved visual feedback to theuser enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-deviceinterface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide properinputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with thedevice) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves batterylife of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quicklyand efficiently.

In accordance with some embodiments, the characteristic of the visualindicator (e.g., 668 b) is a size of the visual indicator. The visualindicator (e.g., 668 b) of a respective participant (e.g., 668 a) variesin accordance with a volume (or frequency) of audio received from therespective participant. In some embodiments, the characteristic of thering (e.g., 668 b) is a shape of the ring (e.g., 668 b), a radius of thering (e.g., 668 b), a width of the ring (e.g., 668 b), and/or a surfacearea of the ring (e.g., 668 b), which varies in accordance with volumeand/or frequency of audio received from the respective participant.Displaying changes in the visual indicator based on volume (orfrequency) allows the user to visually see whether the participant isstreaming live audio and a relative volume of the live audio, ratherthan requiring the user to turn on speakers or wear a headset. Providingimproved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of thedevice and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., byhelping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakeswhen operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reducespower usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the userto use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In accordance with some embodiments, while in the communication sessionand not displaying a keyboard on the display, the electronic devicedetects a first gesture (e.g., a swipe-up gesture on a touch-sensitivesurface of the device). In response to detecting the first gesture, theelectronic device displays (e.g., by sliding into view from a bottomportion of the display) a keyboard (e.g., for entering text messages inthe communication session).

In accordance with some embodiments, further in response to detectingthe first gesture, the electronic device transitions display of one ormore avatars of one or more participants of the communication session byconcurrently: reducing sizes of the displayed one or more avatars of theone or more participants, changing shapes of the displayed avatars(e.g., from rectangular to circular) of the one or more participants,and changing locations (e.g., from a n-by-n grid (where n is not 1) to a1-by-n grid (where n is not 1)) of the displayed avatars of the one ormore participants. In some examples, one or more of the reducing ofsize, changing of shape, and changing of location effects occur whileone or more of the effects do not occur, in response to detecting thefirst gesture. In some examples, in accordance with receiving a livemedia stream including live video from a participant, the respectiveavatar of the participant includes at least a portion of the receivedlive video.

In accordance with some embodiments, subsequent to transitioning displayof one or more avatars of one or more participants in response to thefirst gesture, the electronic device detects a second gesture (e.g., 656c, a swipe-down gesture on a touch-sensitive surface of the device,different from the first gesture). In response to detecting the secondgesture (e.g., 656 c), the electronic device transitions display of theone or more avatars (e.g., 668 a, 670 a, 672 a) of the one or moreparticipants by concurrently: enlarging sizes of the displayed one ormore avatars of the one or more participants, changing shapes of thedisplayed avatars (e.g., from circular to rectangular) of the one ormore participants, and changing locations (e.g., from a 1-by-n grid(where n is not 1) to an n-by-n grid (where n is not 1)) of thedisplayed avatars of the one or more participants. In some examples, oneor more of the enlarging of size, changing of shape, and changing oflocation effects occur while one or more of the effects do not occur, inresponse to detecting the second gesture. In some examples, inaccordance with receiving a live media stream including live video froma participant, the respective avatar of the participant includes atleast a portion of the received live video. Automatically enlarging andrearranging the one or more avatars when space is available (e.g., whenthe keyboard is not displayed) provides the user with a better view oflive video streams being received from other participants. Reducing thenumber of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operabilityof the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient which,additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of thedevice by enabling the user to use the device more quickly andefficiently.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device detects athird gesture (e.g., 604 m, a tap gesture) at a location correspondingto a displayed avatar of a participant of the communication session. Inresponse to detecting the third gesture (e.g., 604 m), the electronicdevice enlarges the respective avatar of the participant. In someexamples, in accordance with receiving a live media stream includinglive video from a participant, the respective avatar of the participantincludes at least a portion of the received live video. In someexamples, the respective avatar of the participant is made full screen.In some examples, in response to detecting the third gesture, avatars ofother participants cease to be displayed.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device detects auser input (e.g., 604 k) for enabling captions. In response to detectingthe user input (e.g., 604 k) for enabling captions, the electronicdevice displays captions (e.g., 620 c) of audio feeds of one or moreparticipants of the communication session. In some examples, the devicedetects a user input for disabling captions and, in response, ceases todisplay captions of audio feeds of participants of the communicationsession. In some examples, the audio feed of the participants are playedconcurrently with the display of the captions. In some examples, theaudio feed is transcribed by the electronic device to produce thecaptions. In some examples, the captions are received by the electronicdevice for display. In some examples, other participants of thecommunication session can cause captions to be displayed (or cease to bedisplayed) on the electronic device during the communication session.For example, captions (e.g., 620 c) are helpful to enable the user ofthe electronic device to participant in the communication session whenthe user is in a quiet environment, such as in a library. In someexamples, the user input for enabling captions corresponds to aparticular participant and the device enables captions for thatparticipants without changing the captioning status of otherparticipants.

In accordance with some embodiments, in response to receiving user input(e.g., 604 h) activating one of the first affordance (e.g., 612 a) andthe second affordance (e.g., 612 b), the electronic device initiatesdisplay of a countdown (e.g., 614) for initiating the live streamingsession. Transmitting the audio or video in the live media stream to theone or more participants (other than the user of the electronic device)of the communication session occurs subsequent to (and in response to)completion of the displayed countdown (e.g., the countdown starting at10 and the transmitting starting with the countdown starts at 0).Displaying a countdown before beginning to stream provides the user withfeedback about when the live media streaming will begin and allows theuser to prepare for live media streaming. Providing improved visualfeedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makesthe user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user toprovide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes whenoperating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reducespower usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the userto use the device more quickly and efficiently.

Note that details of the processes described above with respect tomethod 700 (e.g., FIG. 7A-B) are also applicable in an analogous mannerto the methods described below. For example, methods 800 and 900optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the variousmethods described above with reference to method 700. For example,methods 700, 800, and 900 describe an analogous communication session.For another example, methods 800, 800, and 900 describe analogous livemedia streams. For another example, the technique of method 700 can beused to start a live media session prior to performing the techniques ofmethods 800 and 900. For another example, methods 800 and 900 can beperformed during a live media session started using the technique ofmethod 700. For another example, the technique of method 800 can be usedto change the type of media stream started using the technique of method700. For brevity, these details are not repeated below.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating method 800 for transitioningbetween streaming live audio and live video using an electronic devicein accordance with some embodiments. Method 800 is performed at a device(e.g., 100, 300, 500) with a display. Some operations in method 800 are,optionally, combined, the orders of some operations are, optionally,changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted.

As described below, method 800 provides an intuitive way fortransitioning between streaming live audio and live video. The methodreduces the cognitive burden on a user for transitioning betweenstreaming live audio and live video, thereby creating a more efficienthuman-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices,enabling a user to transition between streaming live audio and livevideo faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the timebetween battery charges.

While transmitting (802) an outgoing live media stream of a first type(e.g., a live audio stream, a live audio+video stream) to one or moreparticipants (other than the user of the electronic device) of acommunication session, the electronic device outputs (804), at theelectronic device, (e.g., displaying on the display, playing audio onspeakers) at least one or more incoming live media streams (e.g., livevideo stream, live audio stream, of one or more participants).

While transmitting (802) an outgoing live media stream of a first typeto one or more participants of a communication session, the electronicdevice receives (806) user input (e.g., 604 j) to transition fromtransmitting the outgoing live media stream of the first type totransmitting an outgoing live media stream of a second type (e.g., alive audio stream, a live audio+video stream), wherein the first type isdifferent from the second type.

In accordance with some embodiments, receiving (806) the user input totransition includes detecting (808) a tap user input (e.g., 656 d) on anaffordance (e.g., 674 b), wherein the affordance (e.g., 674 b) isdisplayed as part of an avatar (e.g., 674 a) of the user of theelectronic device.

In some examples, in accordance with currently transmitting, using acamera of the electronic device, a live media stream including livevideo of the user, the respective avatar of the user includes at least aportion of the live video. In some examples, the avatar of the userincludes video captured by a camera of the electronic device.

In response to receiving the user input (e.g., 604 j) to transition, theelectronic device transitions (810) from transmitting the outgoing livemedia stream of the first type to transmitting an outgoing live mediastream of a second type, including: in accordance with the first type oflive media stream including live audio and not including live video,(initiating, starting) transmitting (812) live video (and optionallymaintaining or restarting transmitting the live audio), and inaccordance with the first type of live media stream including live audioand live video, ceasing (814) to transmit the live video (and optionallymaintaining or restarting transmitting live audio).

In accordance with some embodiments, subsequent to transitioning fromtransmitting the outgoing live media stream of the first type totransmitting the outgoing live media stream of the second type, theelectronic device receives user input to transition from transmittingthe outgoing live media stream of the second type to transmittingoutgoing live media stream of the first type. In response to receivingthe user input to transition, the electronic device transitions fromtransmitting the outgoing live media stream of the second type totransmitting outgoing live media stream of the first type, including: inaccordance with the second type of live media stream including liveaudio and not including live video, (initiating, starting) transmittinglive video (and optionally maintaining or restarting transmitting thelive audio), and in accordance with the second type of live media streamincluding live audio and live video, ceasing to transmit the live video(and optionally maintaining or restarting transmitting live audio).

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device furtherincludes one or more camera sensors and one or more microphones. Inaccordance with some embodiments, transmitting the outgoing live mediastream of the second type (e.g., audio+video) includes: transmittingimages detected using the one or more camera sensors, and transmittingaudio detected using the one or more microphones. Thus, live mediastreams include capturing live audio/video from the electronic device'senvironment and transmitting them to other participants.

In accordance with some embodiments, while transmitting live video, theelectronic device displays, on the display, the live video (e.g., 624 ain FIG. 6R). Thus, the electronic device concurrently displays the livevideo (that is being transmitted) on a display of the device. Displayingthe live video that is being transmitted provides the user with feedbackabout the content of the video that is being transmitted. This enablesthe user to more easily adjust a camera that is being used to capturethe live video. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhancesthe operability of the device and makes the user-device interface moreefficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs andreducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device)which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life ofthe device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly andefficiently.

In accordance with some embodiments, the one or more cameras includes aplurality of cameras including a first camera and a second camera. Whiledetecting, using the first camera and without using the second camera,first images and while transmitting the first images to one or moreparticipants of the communication session (and while displaying thefirst images on the display), the electronic device displays anaffordance (e.g., 624 c) for switching cameras. Further while detectingand displaying the first images, the electronic device detectsactivation (e.g., 604 l) of the affordance (e.g., 624 c) for switchingcameras. In response to detecting activation (e.g., 604 l) of theaffordance (e.g., 624 c) for switching cameras, the electronic devicedetects, using the second camera and without using the first camera,second images. Further in response to detecting activation (e.g., 604 l)of the affordance (e.g., 624 c) for switching cameras, the electronicdevice transmits the second images to one or more participants of thecommunication session (and optionally displays the second images on thedisplay without transmitting the first images or displaying the firstimages on the display). Thus, the electronic device displays anaffordance for switching cameras. When activated, the electronic devicechanges the source of video transmitted to participants of thecommunication session and changes the source of video displayed on thedisplay. A single input that changes both the source of videotransmitted and the source of video displayed reduces the number ofinputs needed to provide the operations. Reducing the number of inputsneeded to perform an operation enhances the operability of the deviceand makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping theuser to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes whenoperating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reducespower usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the userto use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In accordance with some embodiments, in response to receiving the userinput to transition and further in accordance with the first type oflive media stream including live audio and live video, the electronicdevice replaces, on the display, display of live video captured by theone or more cameras of the device with a static avatar image. In someexamples, the static avatar image replaces the live video. Transitioningdisplay of the user's avatar from live video to a static image indicatesto the user the state of the device (not transmitting live video toparticipants).

In accordance with some embodiments, in response to receiving the userinput to transition and further in accordance with the first type oflive media stream including live audio and live video, the electronicdevice replaces, on the display, display of live video captured by theone or more cameras of the device with a text display region. Replacingdisplay of the live video with a text display region provides the userwith improved visual feedback that enables the user to determine thesource of text being received and displayed (e.g., based on the locationon the display, based on replacement of prior video being displayed).Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operabilityof the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g.,by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakeswhen operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reducespower usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the userto use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In accordance with some embodiments, in response to receiving the userinput to transition and further in accordance with the first type oflive media stream including live audio and live video, the electronicdevice transitions (e.g., via animation) display of one or more avatarsof one or more participants of the communication session byconcurrently: reducing sizes of the displayed one or more avatars of theone or more participants, changing shapes of the displayed avatars(e.g., from rectangular to circular) of the one or more participants,and changing locations (e.g., from a n-by-n grid (where n is not 1) to a1-by-n grid (where n is not 1)) of the displayed avatars of the one ormore participants. In some examples, one or more of the reducing ofsize, changing of shape, and changing of location effects occur whileone or more of the effects do not occur, in response to detecting thefirst gesture. In some examples, in accordance with receiving a livemedia stream including live video from a participant, the respectiveavatar of the participant includes at least a portion of the receivedlive video. In some examples, in response to receiving the user input totransition and further in accordance with the first type of live mediastream including live audio and live video, the electronic devicefurther concurrently displays a transcript of the communication sessionand a keyboard.

In accordance with some examples, the electronic device detects userinput requesting to end transmitting an outgoing live media stream. Inresponse to detecting user input request to end transmitting theoutgoing live media stream, the electronic device ceases to transmit theoutgoing live media stream (e.g., if audio-only, stop transmitting audioto the participants; if audio+video, stop transmitting audio+video tothe participants). Further in response to detecting user input requestto end transmitting the outgoing live media stream, the electronicdevice ceases to receive (and ceases to display) live media streams fromparticipants of the communication session.

Note that details of the processes described above with respect tomethod 800 (e.g., FIG. 8) are also applicable in an analogous manner tothe methods described below and above. For example, methods 700 and 900optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the variousmethods described above with reference to method 800. For example,methods 700, 800, and 900 describe an analogous communication session.For another example, methods 800, 800, and 900 describe analogous livemedia streams. For another example, the technique of method 700 can beused to start a live media session prior to performing the techniques ofmethods 800 and 900. For another example, methods 800 and 900 can beperformed during a live media session started using the technique ofmethod 700. For another example, the technique of method 800 can be usedto change the type of media stream started using the technique of method700. For brevity, these details are not repeated below.

FIGS. 9A-9B are a flow diagram illustrating method 900 for synchronizingmedia playback during a live stream using an electronic device inaccordance with some embodiments. Method 900 is performed at a device(e.g., 100, 300, 500) with a display. Some operations in method 900 are,optionally, combined, the orders of some operations are, optionally,changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted.

As described below, method 900 provides an intuitive way forsynchronizing media playback during a live stream. The method reducesthe cognitive burden on a user for transitioning between streaming liveaudio and live video, thereby creating a more efficient human-machineinterface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user tosynchronize media playback during a live stream faster and moreefficiently conserves power and increases the time between batterycharges.

While participating (902) in a communication session with one or moreparticipants (other than the user of the electronic device, one or moreremote participants), the electronic device transmits (904), to one ormore participants of the communication session, a link to media (e.g.,link (such as a URL) to audio, video, audio+video, media that istime-based).

The electronic device displays (906), on the display, a representationof the media (e.g., 608 f), including (908) an affordance (e.g., 608 g,a “live” affordance), while participating (902) in the communicationsession.

In accordance with some embodiments, the representation of the media(e.g., 608 f) further includes (910) an image (e.g., 608 h) based on thecontent of the media. In some examples, the media is a video and theimage is a frame of the video. In some examples, the media is a song ofan album and the image is an album cover of the album. In some examples,the image based on the content of the media is discrete from theaffordance (e.g., the live affordance). In some examples, the imagebased on the content of the media is retrieved from a remote server.

The electronic device detects (912) a user input (e.g., 608 n) whileparticipating (902) in the communication session.

In response to detecting the user input (e.g., 608 n) and whileparticipating (902) in the communication session, the electronic devicedisplays (916) a media playback user interface (e.g., 626, videoplayback UI, audio playback UI) corresponding to the media (and,optionally, ceasing to display the affordance and/or the image based onthe content of the media).

In accordance with some embodiments, further in response to detectingthe user input and while participating (902) in the communicationsession, in accordance with the user input being activation of theaffordance (e.g., 608 g, a “live” affordance of the media), theelectronic device synchronizes (918) playback of the media on devices ofthe one or more participants of the communication session with playbackof the media on the electronic device. User input that automaticallysynchronizes playback across multiple devices enables the participantsto share in a media experience without the need to repeatedly manuallycoordinate various controls (playback, pause, rewind, etc.) of themedia. Performing an operation automatically enhances the operability ofthe device and makes the user-device interface more efficient which,additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of thedevice by enabling the user to use the device more quickly andefficiently. Automatic synchronization also reduces the need for theuser to provide multiple inputs to synchronize the playback with otherdevices. Reducing the number of inputs required to perform a task alsoenhances the operability of the device and makes the user-deviceinterface more efficient. In some examples, participants performing amedia playback control user input at their respective device, causes acorresponding control of the media playback on the electronic device.Further in response to detecting the user input and in accordance withthe user input not being activation of the affordance, the electronicdevice forgoes synchronizing playback of the media on devices of the oneor more participants of the communication session with playback of themedia on the electronic device.

While displaying the media playback user interface and participating(902) in the communication session, the electronic device detects (920)(e.g., via a touch-sensitive surface, at the electronic device, by theuser) a media playback control user input (e.g., 604 o, 604 p, input toscrub to a particular time in the media, input to play or pause media).

In response (924) to receiving the media playback control user input,the electronic device controls (926) playback of the media in the mediaplayback user interface at the electronic device in accordance with thereceived media playback control user input.

Further in response (924) to receiving the media playback control userinput, in accordance with (928) the user input being an activation ofthe affordance (e.g., a “live” affordance of the media), the electronicdevice transmits (930) instructions to control playback of the media atdevices of the one or more participants in accordance with the receivedmedia playback control user input, such that playback of the media atdevices of the one or more participants of the communication sessionremains substantially synchronized.

In accordance with some embodiments, further in response (924) toreceiving the media playback control user input, in accordance with(932) the user input being an activation of the image (e.g., 608 h) thatis based on the content of the media, the electronic device forgoes(934) transmitting instructions to control playback of the media atdevices of the one or more participants in accordance with the receivedmedia playback control user input. In accordance with some embodiments,in accordance with the user input being an activation of the image(e.g., 608 h) that is based on the content of the media, playback of themedia on devices of the one or more participants of the communicationsession is not synchronized with playback of the media on the electronicdevice.

In accordance with some embodiments, each participant of thecommunication session has equal control of the media file and canstart/stop/rewind/fast forward the video. The electronic device receivescontrol instructions from participants and modifies playbackaccordingly. In accordance with some embodiments, while displaying themedia playback user interface, the electronic device receives one ormore media playback control instructions from a remote device of aparticipant of the communication session. In response to receiving theone or more media playback control instructions from the remote device,the electronic device modifies playback of the media at the electronicdevice in accordance with the received one or more media playbackcontrol instructions.

In accordance with some embodiments, in accordance with the user inputbeing an activation of the affordance (e.g., 608 g, a “live” affordanceof the media), the electronic device concurrently outputs (e.g.,displaying on the display, playing audio using speakers), with displayof the media playback user interface (e.g., 626, video playback UI,audio playback UI) corresponding to the media, one or more live mediastreams (e.g., 618 a, 620 a, 622 a, 624 a of FIG. 6AD, live audiostream, live video stream) received from one or more participants of thecommunication session. The one or more live media streams are captured(e.g., using one or more cameras, using one or more microphones) atremote devices of the one or more participants during playback of themedia at the remote devices. In some examples, in accordance with theuser input being an activation of the affordance, the electronic deviceconcurrently plays audio of the playback of the media in the mediaplayback user interface with one or more live audio feeds received fromone or more participants of the communication session, wherein the oneor more live audio feeds are captured at remote devices of the one ormore participants during playback of the media at the remote devices.

Note that details of the processes described above with respect tomethod 900 (e.g., FIGS. 9A-9B) are also applicable in an analogousmanner to the methods described above. For example, methods 700 and 800optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the variousmethods described above with reference to method 900. For example,methods 700, 800, and 900 describe an analogous communication session.For another example, methods 800, 800, and 900 describe analogous livemedia streams. For another example, the technique of method 700 can beused to start a live media session prior to performing the techniques ofmethods 800 and 900. For another example, methods 800 and 900 can beperformed during a live media session started using the technique ofmethod 700. For another example, the technique of method 800 can be usedto change the type of media stream started using the technique of method700. For brevity, these details are not repeated below.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has beendescribed with reference to specific embodiments. However, theillustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modificationsand variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Theembodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the techniques and their practical applications. Othersskilled in the art are thereby enabled to best utilize the techniquesand various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

Although the disclosure and examples have been fully described withreference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that variouschanges and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in theart. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as beingincluded within the scope of the disclosure and examples as defined bythe claims.

As described above, one aspect of the present technology is thegathering and use of data available from various sources to improve thedelivery to users of invitational content or any other content that maybe of interest to them. The present disclosure contemplates that in someinstances, this gathered data may include personal information data thatuniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specificperson. Such personal information data can include demographic data,location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, twitter IDs,home addresses, or any other identifying or personal information.

The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personalinformation data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefitof users. For example, the personal information data can be used toconnect users for video calls. Further, other uses for personalinformation data that benefit the user are also contemplated by thepresent disclosure.

The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible forthe collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use ofsuch personal information data will comply with well-established privacypolicies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities shouldimplement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that aregenerally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmentalrequirements for maintaining personal information data private andsecure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and shouldbe updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personalinformation from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonableuses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimateuses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving theinformed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities shouldconsider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access tosuch personal information data and ensuring that others with access tothe personal information data adhere to their privacy policies andprocedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluationby third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacypolicies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should beadapted for the particular types of personal information data beingcollected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards,including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US,collection of or access to certain health data may be governed byfederal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability andAccountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries maybe subject to other regulations and policies and should be handledaccordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained fordifferent personal data types in each country.

Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplatesembodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to,personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplatesthat hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent orblock access to such personal information data. For example, in the caseof video conference services, the present technology can be configuredto allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation inthe collection of personal information data during registration forservices or anytime thereafter. In another example, users can select notto provide location information for services. In yet another example,users can select to not provide precise location information, but permitthe transfer of location zone information.

Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personalinformation data should be managed and handled in a way to minimizerisks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can beminimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once itis no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including incertain health related applications, data de-identification can be usedto protect a user's privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, whenappropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth,etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g.,collecting location data a city level rather than at an address level),controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users),and/or other methods.

Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use ofpersonal information data to implement one or more various disclosedembodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the variousembodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing suchpersonal information data. That is, the various embodiments of thepresent technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all ora portion of such personal information data. For example, content can beselected and delivered to users by inferring preferences based onnon-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personalinformation, such as the content being requested by the deviceassociated with a user, other non-personal information available to thecontent delivery services, or publically available information.

What is claimed is:
 1. An electronic device, comprising: a display; oneor more processors; and memory storing one or more programs configuredto be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programsincluding instructions for: while participating in a live communicationsession with one or more participants, displaying a media playback userinterface that includes a representation of video media being played,wherein playback of the video media at the electronic device issynchronized with playing of the video media on one or more otherdevices of the one or more participants; while displaying therepresentation of the video media being played, receiving data thatcorresponds to a reaction from a first participant of the one or moreparticipants; and in response to receiving the data that corresponds tothe reaction from the first participant of the one or more participantsand while the video media is being played on both the electronic deviceand the one or more other devices of the one or more participants,concurrently playing both the video media and the reaction from thefirst participant of the one or more participants, wherein changes inthe reaction over time are played while the video media is concurrentlyplaying.
 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the one or moreprograms further include instructions for: before displaying therepresentation of the video media being played back, detecting an inputfor initiating playback of the video media; and in response to detectingthe input for initiating playback of the video media: playing back thevideo media; and causing one or more instructions to be transmitted tothe other one or more devices to control playback of the video media ateach respective device of the one or more other devices.
 3. Theelectronic device of claim 1, wherein playing the reaction from thefirst participant includes outputting one or more of audio and video. 4.The electronic device of claim 1, wherein: the data that corresponds tothe reaction from the first participant was captured by a device of thefirst participant; and the device of the first participant is differentfrom the electronic device.
 5. The electronic device of claim 1, whereinthe one or more programs further include instructions for: whileconcurrently playing both the video media and the reaction from thefirst participant of the one or more participants, receiving data thatcorresponds to a reaction from a second participant of the one or moreparticipants; and in response to receiving the data that corresponds tothe reaction from the second participant of the one or moreparticipants, concurrently playing the video media, the reaction fromthe first participant, and the reaction from the second participant. 6.The electronic device of claim 5, wherein: playing the reaction from thefirst participant includes outputting a first type of media; and playingthe reaction from the second participant includes outputting a secondtype of media that is different from the first type of media.
 7. Theelectronic device of claim 5, wherein: playing the reaction from thefirst participant includes displaying a representation of the reactionfrom the first participant in a first region of the display; playing thereaction from the second participant includes displaying arepresentation of the reaction from the second participant in a secondregion of the display that is different from the first region of thedisplay; and the representation of the reaction from the firstparticipant is a same size as the representation of the reaction fromthe second participant.
 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein theone or more programs further include instructions for: whileconcurrently playing both the video media and the reaction from thefirst participant of the one or more participants: playing a reactionfrom a user of the electronic device, wherein the user of the electronicdevice is different from the first participant; and transmitting datathat corresponds the reaction from the user of the electronic device tothe other one or more devices.
 9. The electronic device of claim 8,wherein the data that corresponds the reaction from the user of theelectronic device includes live video data and live audio data, andwherein the one or more programs further include instructions for: whileplaying the reaction from the user of the electronic device andtransmitting the data that corresponds the reaction from the user of theelectronic device to the other one or more devices, receiving one ormore user inputs; and in response to receiving one or more inputs,displaying a user interface that is different from the media playbackuser interface; and while displaying the user interface that isdifferent from the media playback user interface: ceasing to transmitthe live video data to the other one or more devices; and continuing totransmit the live audio data to the one or more participants.
 10. Anon-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or moreprograms configured to be executed by one or more processors of anelectronic device with a display, the one or more programs includinginstructions for: while participating in a live communication sessionwith one or more participants, displaying a media playback userinterface that includes a representation of video media being played,wherein playback of the video media at the electronic device issynchronized with playing of the video media on one or more otherdevices of the one or more participants; while displaying therepresentation of the video media being played, receiving data thatcorresponds to a reaction from a first participant of the one or moreparticipants; and in response to receiving the data that corresponds tothe reaction from the first participant of the one or more participantsand while the video media is being played on both the electronic deviceand the one or more other devices of the one or more participants,concurrently playing both the video media and the reaction from thefirst participant of the one or more participants, wherein changes inthe reaction over time are played while the video media is concurrentlyplaying.
 11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium ofclaim 10, wherein the one or more programs further include instructionsfor: before displaying the representation of the video media beingplayed back, detecting an input for initiating playback of the videomedia; and in response to detecting the input for initiating playback ofthe video media: playing back the video media; and causing one or moreinstructions to be transmitted to the other one or more devices tocontrol playback of the video media at each respective device of the oneor more other devices.
 12. The non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium of claim 10, wherein playing the reaction from the firstparticipant includes outputting one or more of audio and video.
 13. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein:the data that corresponds to the reaction from the first participant wascaptured by a device of the first participant; and the device of thefirst participant is different from the electronic device.
 14. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein theone or more programs further include instructions for: whileconcurrently playing both the video media and the reaction from thefirst participant of the one or more participants, receiving data thatcorresponds to a reaction from a second participant of the one or moreparticipants; and in response to receiving the data that corresponds tothe reaction from the second participant of the one or moreparticipants, concurrently playing the video media, the reaction fromthe first participant, and the reaction from the second participant. 15.The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14,wherein: playing the reaction from the first participant includesoutputting a first type of media; and playing the reaction from thesecond participant includes outputting a second type of media that isdifferent from the first type of media.
 16. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein: playing thereaction from the first participant includes displaying a representationof the reaction from the first participant in a first region of thedisplay; playing the reaction from the second participant includesdisplaying a representation of the reaction from the second participantin a second region of the display that is different from the firstregion of the display; and the representation of the reaction from thefirst participant is a same size as the representation of the reactionfrom the second participant.
 17. The non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium of claim 10, wherein the one or more programs furtherinclude instructions for: while concurrently playing both the videomedia and the reaction from the first participant of the one or moreparticipants: playing a reaction from a user of the electronic device,wherein the user of the electronic device is different from the firstparticipant; and transmitting data that corresponds the reaction fromthe user of the electronic device to the other one or more devices. 18.The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, whereinthe data that corresponds the reaction from the user of the electronicdevice includes live video data and live audio data, and wherein the oneor more programs further include instructions for: while playing thereaction from the user of the electronic device and transmitting thedata that corresponds the reaction from the user of the electronicdevice to the other one or more devices, receiving one or more userinputs; and in response to receiving one or more inputs, displaying auser interface that is different from the media playback user interface;and while displaying the user interface that is different from the mediaplayback user interface: ceasing to transmit the live video data to theother one or more devices; and continuing to transmit the live audiodata to the one or more participants.
 19. A method, comprising: at anelectronic device with a display: while participating in a livecommunication session with one or more participants, displaying a mediaplayback user interface that includes a representation of video mediabeing played, wherein playback of the video media at the electronicdevice is synchronized with playing of the video media on one or moreother devices of the one or more participants; while displaying therepresentation of the video media being played, receiving data thatcorresponds to a reaction from a first participant of the one or moreparticipants; and in response to receiving the data that corresponds tothe reaction from the first participant of the one or more participantsand while the video media is being played on both the electronic deviceand the one or more other devices of the one or more participants,concurrently playing both the video media and the reaction from thefirst participant of the one or more participants, wherein changes inthe reaction over time are played while the video media is concurrentlyplaying.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: beforedisplaying the representation of the video media being played back,detecting an input for initiating playback of the video media; and inresponse to detecting the input for initiating playback of the videomedia: playing back the video media; and causing one or moreinstructions to be transmitted to the other one or more devices tocontrol playback of the video media at each respective device of the oneor more other devices.
 21. The method of claim 19, wherein playing thereaction from the first participant includes outputting one or more ofaudio and video.
 22. The method of claim 19, wherein: the data thatcorresponds to the reaction from the first participant was captured by adevice of the first participant; and the device of the first participantis different from the electronic device.
 23. The method of claim 19,further comprising: while concurrently playing both the video media andthe reaction from the first participant of the one or more participants,receiving data that corresponds to a reaction from a second participantof the one or more participants; and in response to receiving the datathat corresponds to the reaction from the second participant of the oneor more participants, concurrently playing the video media, the reactionfrom the first participant, and the reaction from the secondparticipant.
 24. The method of claim 23, wherein: playing the reactionfrom the first participant includes outputting a first type of media;and playing the reaction from the second participant includes outputtinga second type of media that is different from the first type of media.25. The method of claim 23, wherein: playing the reaction from the firstparticipant includes displaying a representation of the reaction fromthe first participant in a first region of the display; playing thereaction from the second participant includes displaying arepresentation of the reaction from the second participant in a secondregion of the display that is different from the first region of thedisplay; and the representation of the reaction from the firstparticipant is a same size as the representation of the reaction fromthe second participant.
 26. The method of claim 19, further comprising:while concurrently playing both the video media and the reaction fromthe first participant of the one or more participants: playing areaction from a user of the electronic device, wherein the user of theelectronic device is different from the first participant; andtransmitting data that corresponds the reaction from the user of theelectronic device to the other one or more devices.
 27. The method ofclaim 26, wherein the data that corresponds the reaction from the userof the electronic device includes live video data and live audio data,the method further comprising: while playing the reaction from the userof the electronic device and transmitting the data that corresponds thereaction from the user of the electronic device to the other one or moredevices, receiving one or more user inputs; and in response to receivingone or more inputs, displaying a user interface that is different fromthe media playback user interface; and while displaying the userinterface that is different from the media playback user interface:ceasing to transmit the live video data to the other one or moredevices; and continuing to transmit the live audio data to the one ormore participants.